ABSTRACT. Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) induced viral fulminant hepatitis in adult rabbits. We investigated the damage of renal function and electrolyte balance in experimentally infected rabbit by measuring the related serum parameters to elucidate the pathogenesis of RHDV as an index for medical treatment. Nineteen New Zealand White rabbits, ten females and nine males, were each intramuscularly inoculated with 0.5 ml 50% rabbit lethal dose (RLD 50 ) rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus. Blood samples were collected at 0 hr post inoculation (HPI) and every 6 hr from 18 HPI repeatedly through 66 HPI. After virus inoculation, serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CREA) and sodium (Na + ) were elevated to a highly significant level (p<0.0001), whereas serum potassium (K + ) was moderately elevated to a significant level (p<0.05). Hypoglycemia developed highly significantly (p<0.0001). Serum chloride ion (Cl -) was the only parameter which did not change significantly (p=0.077). No significant sexual difference was observed among these parameters. Renal insufficiency progressed from 36 hr, as indicated by the increases in BUN and CREA; significant changes in electrolytes resulting in the increased osmolality of extracellular fluid that induced flow disturbance which consequently destroy the homeostasis in cells. Therefore, the later impairments in renal function and electrolyte balance might be an important threat for rabbits which might have survived from acute fulminant hepatitis in RHD. KEY WORDS: electrolyte balance, rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus, renal insufficiency, serum.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 70(9): 951-958, 2008 Rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) was first reported in 1984 in the People's Republic of China [12] and widespread worldwide to Europe, Australia, Mexico, North Africa and New Zealand in the following years. In 1994, RHD was first recognized in Taiwan by Dr. Y. S. Lu through serological tests and was characterized by hemagglutination, electron microscopic examination, viral protein analysis and RT-PCR in 1998 [20]. The characteristic pathological signs for RHD were hemorrhages in the respiratory system, liver, spleen, cardiac muscle, and occasionally in the kidneys. Incubation period in rabbits is 2 to 3 days, morbidity approaches 100%, and mortality is sometimes over 90% in adults. The high morbidity and mortality rates have made RHD a big threat for rabbit industry and also a biological control tool for wild rabbit population. The causative virus, rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV), was classified into the family Caliciviridae. This single-stranded nonenvelope RNA virus has a 7.5-kb genome and a 2.2 kb subgenome well packaged in a 27 to 35 nm (in diameter) icosahedral capsid with a major structural protein of about 60 kDa (VP60), and 10 peripheral cup-shaped depressions [12,20]. The ability to agglutinate human erythrocytes of group O, A, B and AB were reported [12,15,20].Detection by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in a rabbit inoculation model showed t...
ABSTRACT. This report concerns a case of pancreatic carcinoma with widespread metastases to many organs including intracranial metastasis. An eleven-year-old, male, mixed-breed dog showed emaciation, ataxia, and multiple visible tumors within the neck. A MRI examination of the patient was conducted because of ataxia, and it was found that the intracranial invasive growth had resulted in compression of the brain stem. Necropsy was performed after the patient died. Based on gross and microscopic examination, the primary tumor cells were located in the left lobe of the pancreas and widespread metastasis was found into various organs, including the brain, lungs, liver, kidneys, tonsils, serosal surface of the esophagus, and submandibular, pulmonary hilar, mediastinal, and mesenteric lymph nodes. This case indicates that pancreatic adenocarcinoma should be included in the differential diagnosis list when cervical neck masses are detected. KEY WORDS: canine, MRI, pancreatic carcinoma.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 69(1): 91-93, 2007 Pancreatic carcinoma is uncommon in the dog and is usually malignant [4,5,7]. Pancreatic carcinoma cells demonstrate aggressive behavior and widespread metastasis before presenting marked clinical signs [1,4]. Unfortunately, there are no treatments capable of curing patients during the late stages of metastasis in exocrine pancreatic carcinoma [2]. We report herein a case of pancreatic carcinoma with widespread metastasis, including intracranial metastasis, that was diagnosed on the basis of radiographic, MRI, gross, and histologic findings.An eleven-year-old, male, mixed-breed dog (10 kg to 7.5 kg) with a one-year history of progressive weight loss showed head tilt and weakness on initial physical examination. Dysphagia was also noted 2 weeks prior to presentation. The patient's body temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate were 38.5°C, 92 beats/min, and 24 breaths/ min, respectively. Physical examination revealed that multiple irregularly shaped lobulated nodules were affecting the subaural and submandibular regions of the neck bilaterally (Fig. 1).Radiographically, ventral deviation of the larynx and trachea secondary to compression was evident on a lateral radiograph of the skull and cervical spinal region. Some mottled calcifications were noted in the central part of the tumor on lateral and dorso-ventral views. Numerous, small, radiopaque masses were visualized in the lung parenchyma, and a homogenous oval mass (2.5 cm in diameter) was observed in the mediastinum. These lesions were enlarged on other radiographs taken 2 months after the initial diagnosis.Fine needle aspirates were taken from the masses present in the upper right neck region and ipsilateral mandibular lymph nodes. Cytologic evaluation was performed, and sheets of glandular epithelial cells with anisocytosis and anisokaryosis were observed; however, the acinar-like cells were lacking. The majority of tumor cells had poorly defined cellular margins and pleomorphic nuclei. Some of the cells contained an abundance of basophili...
Pork carcass sponge samples (n = 230) collected from 10 Taiwanese slaughter plants were screened for Salmonella using 2 methods: BAX® for Screening/Salmonella, a polymerase chain reaction-based detection system and a culture method using SM-ID agar as the selective plating medium. The BAX method identified 14 samples as positive for Salmonella. The 8 samples identified as Salmonella-positive by the SM-ID method were also BAXpositive. Inoculation studies showed BAX detected Salmonella in samples having initial 1.4 ϫ ϫ ϫ ϫ ϫ 10 1 cfu/mL Salmonella inoculum prior to the enrichment process in the presence of 3.0 ϫ ϫ ϫ ϫ ϫ 10 6 cfu/mL of non-Salmonella florae. BAX provides a rapid screening alternative to the culture method for Salmonella detection.
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