Aerosolized colistin may be considered as an adjunct to intravenous treatments in patients with VAP due to colistin-susceptible MDR A. baumannii in critically ill patients.
Patients with TOA who underwent surgery had a longer duration of hospitalization. Among the patients who underwent surgical intervention, those admitted to the emergency room had higher CRP levels and were more likely to be multiparous.
HIV-infected patients with PJP can be clinically stratified by three prognostic variables identified by multivariate analysis. Early recognition of patients in higher risk can assist clinicians to prevent rapid deterioration and seek for better outcomes.
Differences in the histological manifestation of synchronous lung cancers are rare. Synchronous multiple primary lung cancers (SMPLC) are associated with long-term tobacco use, which could independently lead to mutations in the p53 and K-ras genes. We present the case of an 82-year-old man who smoked 30 cigarettes daily for the past 60 years. CT of the chest showed a right upper lobe mass. Bronchoscopy revealed an intra-lumen nodular lesion in the right lower lobe bronchus. The diagnoses of small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) of the right upper lobe and non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) of the right lower lobe were confirmed by the morphologic features and the detected immunoreactivity. Immunohistochemical analyses showed a strong positive reaction for p53 in samples of the SCLC and NSCLC. The cancers had a different phenotype, but similar genetic abnormalities may have developed due to the carcinogens in the cigarettes.
Programmed death-ligand 1 protein (PD-L1) is often expressed in various malignant tumors; thus, it is an appropriate marker for targeted cancer therapies. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses light and photosensitizers to create singlet oxygen to kill cells. An important approach to PDT is the use of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) to convert near-infrared (NIR) light, which penetrates tissues well, into visible light, allowing PDT to be effective at greater tissue depths. In this work, high-temperature pyrolysis was used to prepare both the core and shell of lanthanide-doped UCNPs with lithium yttrium tetrafluoride (LiYF4) to enhance the green luminescence. The photosensitizer Merocyanine 540 (MC540) was grafted onto the magnetic nanoparticles, and then one peptide sequence from PD-L1 was used as the template and imprinted onto poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) particles formed by precipitation in a non-solvent. UCNPs in the non-solvent bath were thus entrapped in the imprinted particles to generate composite nanoparticles for the targeting and photodynamic therapy of PD-L1 in tumor cells. Finally, the in vitro cytotoxicity of the nanoparticles in HepG2 human liver cancer cells was evaluated with the continuous administration of MC540/MNPs@MIPs/UCNPs under irradiation by an NIR laser. To understand the delivery of the UCNP-embedded molecularly imprinted polymers, the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways were also investigated.
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