We present a nanocolumnar structure anisotropic indium tin oxide (ITO) film deposited at different oblique angles by a radio-frequency magnetron sputtering system. Three dominant diffraction peaks were observed. The location of peaks
SnO2(110)
,
In2normalO3(222)
, and
In2normalO3(400)
increases from 29.39, 31.34, and 36.34° to 29.45, 31.60, and 36.48°, respectively, as the sputtering oblique angle increases from 0 to 80°. This may be attributed to a high incorporation of oxygen into the film deposited at a high oblique angle. An anisotropic ITO film with a higher oxygen content has a smaller lattice constant, a larger bandgap, a higher resistivity, and a degradation of crystallization. As the flux arrival angle α increases, the absorption edge of the spectra demonstrated a blueshift. The blueshift may result from the Burstein–Moss effect due to the increase in the oxygen content in the anisotropic ITO film or to the quantum confinement effect caused by the exciton quantization in the ITO film.
The utilization of nanostructure graphene thin films as electron transfer layer in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) was demonstrated. The effect of a nanostructure graphene thin film in DSSC structure was examined. The nanostructure graphene thin films provides a great electron transfer channel for the photogenerated electrons from TiO2to indium tin oxide (ITO) glass. Obvious improvements in short-circuit current density of the DSSCs were observed by using the graphene electron transport layer modified photoelectrode. The graphene electron transport layer reduces effectively the back reaction in the interface between the ITO transparent conductive film and the electrolyte in the DSSC.
This work presents a CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 /PCBM organic solar cell. Organic PCBM film and CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite film are deposited on the PEDOT:PSS/ITO glass substrate by the spin coating method. The performance of the organic solar cells was observed by changing the thickness of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite. The thickness of a perovskite film can affect the carrier diffusion length in a device that strongly absorbs light in the red spectral region. The short-circuit current density and the power conversion efficiency were 21.9 mA/cm 2 and 11.99 %, respectively, for the sample with 210-nm-thick CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite active layer.
The effect of a nanocolumnar TiO 2 compact layer in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) was examined. Such a compact layer was sputtered on a glass substrate with an indium tin oxide (ITO) film using TiO 2 powder as the raw material, with a thickness of ∼100 nm. The compact layer improved the short-circuit current density and the efficiency of conversion of solar energy to electricity by the DSSC by 53.37% and 59.34%, yielding values of 27.33 mA/cm 2 and 9.21%, respectively. The performance was attributed to the effective electron pathways in the TiO 2 compact layer, which reduced the back reaction by preventing direct contact between the redox electrolyte and the conductive substrate.
This study presents a hybrid photovoltaic (PV) solar cell consisting of zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) on nanoporous gallium arsenide (GaAs) substrates (NPGSs). NPGSs with a low reflectivity are prepared by metal-assisted nanoscale lithography. Au nanoparticles (GNPs) are introduced into the nanoporous structure in organic/inorganic hybrid solar cells to enhance the perfornance of photovoltaic devices. The optimal measured parameters of the PV cell with the ITO/ZnPc + I2 + PMMA (ZIP)/GNPs/NPGS/In structure are Jsc, Voc, fill factor (FF), and power convert efficiency (PCE), which have values of 2.48 mA/cm2, 0.55 V, 0.197, and 2.69%, respectively, under irradiation by a 100 W xenon lamp.
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