Purpose The present research extends the existing literature of halal tourism and Muslims’ travel decision-making by applying information-seeking models and the planned behavior theory to identify the process of decision-making to travel to non-Islamic destinations. This study aims to identify the views of Muslim travelers who traveled before to non-Islamic destinations to evaluate their information search experience and how their travel decision is formed. Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews are conducted with a sample of Muslim travelers who visited a non-Islamic destination during the past five years. Data saturation resulted in 17 interviewees from different Islamic destinations, namely, Egypt, Morocco, Sudan and Pakistan. Findings Muslim interviewees indicate the relative importance of reference groups compared to the government websites as a source of information. This study concludes some remarkable results regarding the importance of some halal marketing strategies such as halal searchability and availability, halal certification and appraisal, halal at airports and halal hotels. It presents an emergent framework that shows the factors affecting visiting a non-Islamic destination regarding halal issues for Muslim travelers. Practical implications It provides destinations’ official tourism managers with various strategies to brand their destinations as Muslim-friendly destinations. Originality/value Investigating the process of decision-making of traveling to non-Islamic destinations from Muslim travelers’ perspective is limited. Examining the role of information-seeking behavior in Muslim travelers’ decision-making is scarce.

The current research extends the current literature of halal tourism by applying information seeking models to analyze the halal culinary marketing strategies. It aims at identifying the halal marketing strategies from the official tourism providers' perspective (the supply side) by extending and validating the halal culinary framework of Yousaf and Xiucheng. A content analysis of the government websites of the top Muslim inbound destinations among non-Islamic nations (as a vital source of information) is employed. The results of the content analysis revealed that several non-Islamic destinations did not pay attention in their official tourism offerings to promote the interests of the unique requirements of Muslims. It is found that only three destinations; New Zealand, Singapore, and Australia promote halal strategies on their government websites. Nevertheless, they could not promote all aspects of halal tourism requirements on their official websites.

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PurposeWith the popularity of paid apps and increasing concerns about privacy hazards, this paper aims to investigate the impact of mobile services’ fee-charging models on consumers’ privacy concerns, and generate insights for app developers’ fee-charging strategies.Design/methodology/approachThree experimental studies including 550 participants were conducted. All studies were between-subjects designs and based on the context of financial mobile services. The implementations of fee-charging models were manipulated by both visualized and test-based stimuli.FindingsThe results reveal that consumers are less concerned about potential privacy violations when using subscription-based (vs. purchase-based) financial mobile services (study 1). This effect is mediated by consumers’ perceptions that app developers that charge subscription fees (vs. one-off prices) are more likely to be consumer-serving motivated (study 2 and 3).Originality/valueThis paper advances the current understanding of consumer response toward paid apps, by proposing and testing a novel attribution-based mechanism to explain why the implementation of a subscription-based versus purchase-based fee-charging model can result in more favorable consumer reactions. Furthermore, this paper identifies the implementation of contrasting fee-charging models as a market-related factor that affects the extent to which consumers are concerned about potential privacy violations, extending extant literature on consumer privacy concern.