Curcumin exhibits antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects and has been suggested as a treatment for inflammatory diseases. The study is aimed at evaluating the effect of curcumin gel on serum levels of micronutrients (zinc, copper, and magnesium) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) in chronic periodontitis patients. Ninety subjects with an age of 25-54 were included in this study. From the total number, 30 subjects with healthy periodontium (control group) ( mean   age = 37.30 ± 7.08 ) were employed for the sole purpose of obtaining the normal mean values of clinical, chemical, and immunological parameters, and 60 with chronic periodontitis ( mean   age = 36.73 ± 6.22 ) were divided randomly into 2 groups, of which each group included 30 subjects. Group A received scaling and root planing SRP and curcumin gel injection covered by Coe pack for 7 days, and group B received SRP alone covered by Coe pack. Clinical parameters (plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss measurements) and blood samples were collected before and after 1 month of treatment to measure serum levels of zinc, copper, magnesium, IL-1β, and TNF-α. The results showed significant micronutrient alteration and increase of proinflammatory cytokines in the chronic periodontitis group as compared to healthy control ( P ≤ 0.05 ), and curcumin gel had a significant effect on the reduction of IL-1β, TNF-α, copper, and clinical parameters ( P ≤ 0.05 ) and increase of zinc and magnesium levels after 1 month as compared to baseline ( P ≤ 0.05 ), nearly the same pattern for group B but with nonsignificant differences for Zn ( P > 0.05 ). In conclusion, curcumin gel resulted in a more significant reduction in clinical parameters, inflammatory mediators, and copper and increase of zinc and magnesium levels as compared to SRP alone.

Objective: Gummy smile (GS) also referred to an excessive gingival display (EGD). it’s an aesthetic disorder that can be managed by a variety of procedures include; modified lip reposition surgery (MLRS) and botulinum toxin type-A injection (BTX-A). This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of treatment of GS by surgical technique (MLRS) and non-surgical technique (BTX-A injection) 1 and 4 months after treatment.  Methods: The study was conducted from November 2018 to November 2019. Forty adult patients aged 18-35 years with a EGD ≥ 4 mm caused by soft tissue disorders were recruited. Patients divided into two groups; Group 1 included 20 patients treated by MLRS and Group 2 (20 patients) treated by BTX-A injection. The amount of gingival display (GD) was evaluated after 1 and 4 months of the treatments by Autodesk AutoCAD computer program. ANOVA test used to compare changes in GD before and following treatments. Results: The study showed a significant reduction in the amount of GD in both groups after 1 and 4 months of the treatment (p value < 0.05). Non-significant differences between both groups in 1 and 4 months of follow up (p value > 0.05). Conclusions: Both MLRS and BTX-A injection technique were effective treatment modalities for patients suffering from GS.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of curcumin gel on antioxidant marker level in experimental induced diabetes and periodontitis (EDP) in rats. Adult Wistar rats were randomized into five groups (20 each): (1) EDP treated with scaling and root planing (SRP) + curcumin gel (CU), (2) EDP treated with CU, (3) EDP treated with SRP, (4) EDP without treatment, and (5) systemically healthy and without ligature (control). Each group was subdivided equally into 4 subgroups of 5 rats. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ), and periodontitis was induced by a ligature. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture at 0, 7, 14, and 21 days to assess oxidative stress of malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and suproxidase dismutase (SOD) levels. The results showed a significant increase in serum MDA and antioxidant enzyme levels in the untreated EDP group compared to the control group ( p < 0.05 ). The adjuvant use of CU to SRP resulted in a significant reduction of MDA and CAT levels as compared to the SRP group ( p < 0.05 ); however, significant reduction of GPX and SOD levels can be found only at day 7. It can be concluded that the decreased level of antioxidant enzymes can be construed as a result of decreased oxidative stress by curcumin therapy.

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Objective: Periodontitis is a chronic infectious inflammatory disease of tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth, it causes by microbial plaque accumulation and its severity depend on interaction between pathogenic bacteria and host immune response. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of scaling and root planning on the mean values of salivary total protein (TP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β). Methods: Comparative study conducted on 40 volunteers: 20 of them with chronic periodontitis and 20 with healthy periodontium. Scaling and root planning was conducted for chronic periodontitis patients and unstimulated saliva was collected from all studied subjects at baseline before and after 4 weeks of periodontal treatment to estimate the mean levels of TP, TNF-α and IL-1β. Results:  High mean values of clinical periodontal inflammatory parameters (plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment loss), TP, TNF-α and IL-1β were detected in chronic periodontitis patients as compared to controls (p<0.000), and significant reduction in their mean values were seen after 4 weeks of periodontal therapy as compared to baseline before treatment (p<0.000). Conclusions: Biochemical (TP) and immunological parameters (TNF-α and IL-1β) detected at increased levels in chronic periodontitis patients and reduced after periodontal therapy, so further studies are necessary to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic values of these markers.