We report the first amine-bearing cyclic ketene acetals (CKAs) for radical ring-opening polymerisation (RROP). The resulting polyesters and their corresponding nanoparticles were biodegradable and showed the desired pH sensitive behaviour.
In
this study, a carbon electrode was synthesized from carbon black
(CB), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and polyurethane (PU) and subsequently
used as the collector for electrospinning. During electrospinning,
nanofibers were deposited on the carbon film collector. The carbon
electrode and the deposited nanofibers together formed a nanofiber
carbon electrode. Finally, a stretchable and flexible nanofiber membrane-sensing
electrode was successfully developed and applied in smart clothing
for ECG and EMG monitoring. The nanofibers were generated from polyvinylidene
difluoride (PVDF) and poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene
sulfonate (PEDOT/PSS) via mixing and electrospinning. The addition
of a conductive PEDOT/PSS polymer inhibited the formation of beads
on the fiber and enhanced the integrity as well as the electrical
conductivity of the fiber. In addition, a CB/rGO carbon film was used
as the electrospinning collector. The addition of a dispersant to
the carbon film improved its electrical conductivity as well as its
stretchability. The results show that the nanofiber carbon electrode
prepared by electrospinning exhibits a high electrical conductivity
(surface resistance = 2.5 × 101 Ω/sq), high
mechanical durability (a stable circuit was maintained after 3000
repeated uses), and a hydrophobic surface (water contact angle = 146°).
Compared with a traditional commercial wet electrode (Ag/AgCl), the
nanofiber carbon electrode developed in this study exhibited good
contact with human skin and excellent durability. These merits make
the nanofiber carbon electrode suitable for long-term biological signal
recording. Furthermore, such an electrode can be integrated into wearable
systems for healthcare monitoring.
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