Abstract-Disruption Tolerant Networks (DTNs) are designed to overcome limitations in connectivity due to conditions such as mobility, poor infrastructure, and short range radios. DTNs rely on the inherent mobility in the network to deliver packets around frequent and extended network partitions using a store-carry-andforward paradigm. However, missed contact opportunities decrease throughput and increase delay in the network. We propose the use of throwboxes in mobile DTNs to create a greater number of contact opportunities, consequently improving the performance of the network. Throwboxes are wireless nodes that act as relays, creating additional contact opportunities in the DTN. We propose algorithms to deploy stationary throwboxes in the network that simultaneously consider routing as well as placement. We also present placement algorithms that use more limited knowledge about the network structure. We perform an extensive evaluation of our algorithms by varying both the underlying routing and mobility models. Our results suggest several findings to guide the design and operation of throwbox-augmented DTNs.

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Customized/personalized products are gaining more shares in today's product market. Such products need collective efforts from consumers, manufacturers and third parties. This requirement has not been well addressed due to both market and technology factors. On the other hand, the Internet of Things (IoT) provides real-time sensing/actuating ability and fast transmission capability of data/information, so that remote operation of manufacturing activities and efficient collaboration among stakeholders are greatly facilitated. This provides great opportunities to address the requirement mentioned above. Thus we propose a full-connection model of product design and manufacturing in the IoT-enabled cloud manufacturing environment. The proposed model uses social networks to connect multiple parties and facilitate open innovations, and use IoT to glue physical space to cyber space and cloud manufacturing to provide various elastic services, so that the on-demand workspace, interaction, information sharing or collective problem solving are enabled. We also propose a supporting infrastructure for this model using the latest information and communication technologies. Finally, we present a case study of an RFID enabled production system for customized and personalized product with the ability to enable a new paradigm of "dynamic processes and close collaborations among different roles" and ensure robust production.

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