The pH of a solution is an important parameter in crystallization that needs to be controlled in order to ensure success. The actual pH of the crystallization droplet is determined by the combined contribution of the buffers in the screening and protein solutions, although the contribution of the latter to the pH is often ignored. In this study, the effects of the buffer and protein solution pH values on the results of screening are systematically investigated. It was found that these parameters significantly affected the results and thus the following strategy for the selection of appropriate pH values is proposed: (i) when screening with only one protein solution, the pH should be as low, as high or as divergent from the pI as possible for a basic, acidic or neutral protein, respectively, within its stable pH range; (ii) when screening with two protein solutions, the pH values should be well separated from one another; and (iii) when multiple pH values are utilized, an even distribution of pH values is the best approach to increase the success rate of crystallization.
The purpose of this study is to review on keyphrase extraction research from science citation index expanded (SCI-EXPANED) database on web of science. The result indicates that the number of literature productions on this topic mainly distributes in recent 10 years, reaching climax in 2005 and then followed by 2010. The primary research development country is China. From the analysis result of document type, proceedings paper accounts for 50%. In general, the related research topics can be classified into keyphrase extraction for oriental language documents, English documents and bilingual documents. Hebrew documents and Chinese documents as oriental language documents have been the main objects for keyphrase extraction. Meanwhile keyphrase extraction for bilingual documents has been stressed on English and Arabic documents. Meanwhile recommendation is the focus for keyphrase extraction in English documents.
E-Learning 2.0 has played a significant role in training and development within the organizational environment. But how to evaluate the E-Learning 2.0 system remains unresolved. This study aims to propose an evaluation model for the enterprise E-Learning 2.0 system based on the information system success model. Firstly, the first level of the evaluation model is established by four aspects, including information quality, system quality, service quality and communication quality. Then, the second level of the evaluation model is constructed for these four aspects respectively. The case study will be in the future research to reveal the performance of E-Learning 2.0 system in the enterprise, which will be the guidance for the implementation of E-Learning 2.0 systems.
Web 2.0 provides richer user experiences by allowing online collaboration and sharing among users. We gleaned from science citation index expanded (SCI-EXPANED) and Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) database on web of science, concerning advances in collaboration research in Web 2.0. The result indicates that the number of citation literature on this topic mainly distributes in recent 7 years, reaching climax of 4 in 2012. The main research territory is China, accounting for 22.222%. Accordingly the organization is city univ Hong Kong. And from the analysis of research area, research on information science library and computer science account for more than 50%. Overall, the related research topics can be classified into Web 2.0 in education, Web 2.0 in research, collaborative product development, climate reconstruction, public value in E-Government.
As Web 2.0 services emphasize the integration of distributed information and applications on a network, we gleaned from science citation index expanded (SCI-EXPANED) and Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) database on web of science, concerning advances in collaboration research in Web 2.0. The result indicates that the number of publication literatures on this topic mainly distributes in recent 7 years, and citations reach climax of 22 in 2013. The main research territory is USA, accounting for 40%. And from the analysis of research area, Engineering accounts for 40%. Overall, the related research topics can be classified in four areas: annotation system for knowledge sharing, determinants of knowledge sharing using Web 2.0, adoption of Web 2.0 for knowledge sharing and knowledge sharing successes in Web 2.0.
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