Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifactorial disease with unknown etiology. It is assumed to result from interplay between genetic and environmental factors, including nutrition. We hypothesized that there are differences in nutritional parameters between MS patients and healthy controls. Methods: We examined 63 MS patients and 83 healthy controls. Nutritional status was determined by a dietary questionnaire, blood tests, quantification of cell membrane fatty acids, and serum antioxidant capacity. Results: We found that MS patients consumed a more limited diet compared with the healthy group, indicated by a lower average of 31 nutrients and by consumption levels of zinc and thiamine below the recommended daily intake. Both consumption and measured iron values were significantly lower in MS patients, with the lowest measures in the severe MS group. Long saturated fatty acids (>C16) were significantly lower in MS patients, while palmitic and palmitoleic acids were both higher. Serum total antioxidant capacity was significantly lower in the MS group compared with healthy controls, with the lowest measures in patients with severe MS. Conclusions: This study points to a possible correlation between nutritional status and MS. Understanding the clinical meaning of these findings will potentially allow for the development of future personalized dietary interventions as part of MS treatment.

We undertook a case-control study to examine the effect of nutritional factors on menstrual function and bone density in collegiate athletes. Three groups, matched with respect to age, height, and weight, were studied: eumenorrheic collegiate athletes, oligomenorrheic collegiate athletes, and eumenorrheic sedentary collegiate control subjects. Menarche was delayed in the eumenorrheic (13.1 y) and oligomenorrheic (14.3 y) athletic groups compared with the sedentary control subjects (12.2 y) (p less than 0.05). Average bone density tended (p = 0.10) to be lower in the oligomenorrheic athletes (158 mg/mL) compared with the eumenorrheic athletes (184 mg/mL) or sedentary control subjects (173 mg/mL). Dietary fiber intake was significantly elevated (p less than 0.05) in the oligomenorrheic athletes (5.74 g/d) compared with the eumenorrheic athletes (3.62 g/d) or sedentary control subjects (2.97 g/d). We conclude that increased dietary fiber intake is associated with menstrual dysfunction of these collegiate athletes. These factors may contribute to decreased bone density.