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Abstract--As a huge country with 1.3 billion population, protecting cultivated land is a basic policy in China. In this paper, the implementation effectiveness of cultivated land protection and causes since the reform and opening were analyzed, and the results shows that: China has proposed the basic farmland protection system, "rice bag" governor accountability, "total dynamic balance of cultivated land" and other important cultivated land protection policy, these policies have played a relevant role in curbing the cultivated land decreasing trend, but the overall quality of the cultivated land decreased, and the main causes are the lack of protection of cultivated land real executive body, the externality of cultivated land protection has not been widely recognized. Therefore, some countermeasures were put forward: creating an atmosphere of cultivated land protection participated by the whole society; motivating the positivity of peasants in cultivated land protection; strengthen the social support to the cultivated land protection.

cultivated land transfer is an important way to deal with the conflict between the cultivated land fragmentation of landholders and the large-scale agricultural modernization in china. The farm households, as the direct user of cultivated land, play a key role in the cultivated land transfer. For this paper, a survey of 1 396 farm households in 74 villages, 64 townships, 42 counties in Jiangxi, the traditional agricultural province, was conducted. Using this information, a logistic regression model was employed and the attitudes of those farm households were analyzed using the family characteristics, the household economic factors and the resource endowments. The results showed that there is a little incentive for the cultivated land transfer and no macro-environment exists for the cultivated land transfer market because of the low economic benefits. Farm households which moved out to urban areas for employment play the most important role in the cultivated land transfer and become the largest force to drive the cultivated land transfer out. Family income also affects the cultivated land transfer; the income of farm households transferring cultivated land in is much lower than those of the cultivated land transferring out. in addition, the topographic characteristic of cultivated land is also an important factor influencing the cultivated land transfer; it is easier to transfer land out if the terrain is flat, but it is more difficult if the land is fragmented.Key words: farm households, cultivated land transfer, attitude; behaviour, empirical study Abstrakt: Transfery obdělávané půdy jsou významným způsobem, jak se vyrovnat s protikladem mezi fragmentací obdělá-vané půdy a procesem velkovýrobní modernizace v Číně. zemědělská hospodářství, která jsou přímými uživateli obdělávané půdy, hrají v těchto transferech klíčovou roli. V rámci této studie byl proveden výzkum 1 396 zemědělských hospodářství v 74 vesnicích 64 městských okrsků ve 42 okresech provincie Jiangxi, která je tradiční zemědělskou provincií. S využitím těchto informací byl vytvořen logistický regresní model, který analyzuje postoje těchto zemědělských hospodářství s využi-tím rodinných charakteristik, faktorů ekonomiky domácnosti a vybavení zdroji. Výsledky ukazují, že existuje pouze málo vlivů působících ve prospěch transferu obdělávané půdy a není vytvořeno makroekonomické prostředí pro tyto transfery, poněvadž existující ekonomické přínosy jsou velmi nízké. zemědělské domácnosti, které se přestěhovaly do městských oblastí kvůli pracovním příležitostem, hrají nejdůležitější úlohu v transferech obdělávané půdy a staly se největší silou působící v procesu tohoto transferu směrem ven. Transfery obdělávané půdy jsou také výrazně ovlivněny příjmem země-dělských domácností. Příjem domácností, v nichž se uskutečnily transfery obdělávané půdy směrem dovnitř, jsou výrazně nižší než u domácností, kde došlo k transferům obdělávané půdy směrem ven. Významným faktorem ovlivňujícím transfery obdělávané půdy jsou dále rovněž topografické charakteristik...

Protection of water environment while developing socio-economy is a challenging task for lake regions of many developing countries. Poyang Lake is the largest fresh water lake in China, with its total drainage area of 160,000 km2. In spite of rapid development of socio-economy in Poyang Lake region in the past several decades, water in Poyang Lake is of good quality and is known as the "last pot of clear water" of the Yangtze River Basin in China. In this paper, the reasons of "last pot of clear water" of Poyang Lake were analysed to demonstrate how economic development and environmental protection can be coordinated. There are three main reasons for contributing to this coordinated development: 1) the unique geomorphologic features of Poyang Lake and the short water residence time; 2) the matching of the basin physical boundary with the administrative boundary; and 3) the implementation of "Mountain-River-Lake Program" (MRL), with the ecosystem concept of "mountain as source, river as connection flow, and lake as storage". In addition, a series of actions have been taken to coordinate development, utilisation, management and protection in the Poyang Lake basin. Our key experiences are: considering all basin components when focusing on lake environment protection is a guiding principle; raising the living standard of people through implementation of various eco-economic projects or models in the basin is the most important strategy; preventing soil and water erosion is critical for protecting water sources; and establishing an effective governance mechanism for basin management is essential. This successful, large-scale basin management model can be extended to any basin or lake regions of developing countries where both environmental protection and economic development are needed and coordinated.