Multiple emulsions can be obtained by binary and ternary liquid phase separation. And the use of the aqueous two-phase system provides a simple route to prepare water-in-water-in-oil (W/W/O) or water-in-water-in-water (W/W/W) multiple emulsions. It is thus expected that we can fabricate more complex emulsions by using an aqueous three-phase system. Herein, we present a simple and versatile method to generate complex emulsions based on phase separation in homogeneous droplets made up of aqueous three-phase system: poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and dextran (DEX) through extracting water from droplets. We examine the formation process and the effect of mass ratio of each two components in the three phase system. Emulsion droplets with five types of morphologies, i.e., binary-core/shell, core/shell-single phase Janus, ellipsoid Janus, multicore-in-matrix and single core-double shell morphologies can be formed, depending on the mass ratio of each two components and modification of PEG with FeO nanoparticles. We observe transition of core/shell-single phase Janus to binary-core/shell and single core-double shell to core/shell-single phase Janus geometry with prolongation of extracting time, and obtain the geometry map for the formation of different shaped droplets. Due to different affinities of PEG, PVA and DEX to certain materials, we functionalize each compartment in the complex emulsion droplets, and apply the resulting droplet for glucose sensing and the construction of antibody-mediated targeting drug delivery. This emulsion generation method is simple and the choice for the component of the aqueous three-phase system is broad, which can be further extended to generate complex emulsions from aqueous multiphase systems.
This study seeks to investigate the effect of joint surface damage on the shear strength of two natural rocks, namely sandstone and argillite. A series of shear box tests were performed on the jointed rock specimens with different joint roughness coefficients (JRC). The joint surface roughness of each rock specimen was estimated by means of Barton's comb before and after the shear test as well as it was obtained experimentally using the measured peak shear stress. The laboratory data indicated that some damage of joint surface occurred during shearing, which affected the overall shear strength of the jointed rock specimens. The damage coefficient (M) initially introduced by Baron and Chubey (1977) was modified so that it can be used to estimate the joint surface damage of the tested rocks; that is, no or small damage may occur when M<1 while considerable damage to the joint surface can be expected when M>1. Due to the inhomogeneous of the rock samples, there are two modulus presented for the damage coefficient. This study seeks to find a more accurate relation between the JRC value and the damage coefficient based on the Barton and Choubey theory.
Two POM‐based lanthanide derivatives, namely {triaqua[2,6‐diacetylpyridine bis(semicarbazone)‐κ5O,N,N′,N′′,O′]terbium(III)}‐μ‐oxido‐[tricosa‐μ2‐oxido‐dodecaoxido‐μ12‐phosphato‐dodecamolybdenum(VI)] pentahydrate (1), [Tb(C11H15N7O2)(H2O)3][PMo12O40]·5H2O, and the dysprosium(III) analogue (2), have been isolated successfully by the reaction of Keggin–POM [PMo12O40]3− (abbreviated as PMo12), the Ln3+ ion and the Schiff base 2,6‐diacetylpyridine bis(semicarbazone) (DAPSC) ligand under hydrothermal conditions. [Ln(DAPSC)(H2O)3][PMo12O40]·5H2O is a PMo12‐supported cluster featuring a lanthanide–Schiff base complex [denoted Ln–L(Schiff base)]. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that the LnIII ion is in a distorted tricapped trigonal prismatic arrangement, coordinated by six O atoms and three N atoms. Two O atoms and three N atoms are provided by one DAPSC ligand, while the additional O atoms originate from a PMo12 cluster and three water molecules. Hydrogen‐bonding interactions between adjacent clusters form an interesting three‐dimensional supramolecular structure. The identities of 1 and 2 were characterized by IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and powder X‐ray diffraction. Interestingly, both compounds possess excellent two‐photon absorption (TPA) responses to the third‐order nonlinear optics (NLO) (2264 GM for 1 and 941 GM for 2), suggesting that they have potential applications in the field of nonlinear optics (NLO). To our knowledge, 1 and 2 are the first POM‐based Ln–L(Schiff base) complexes showing excellent two‐photon responses. Meanwhile, the electrochemical properties of both compounds were studied in detail.
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