Shaping an international consensus for the digital age is the current challenge. The nature of cyberspace complicates efforts to govern it, notably due to its asymmetrical, anonymous and dual‐use characteristics. Such intricacies are compounded by the fact that the global cyber landscape varies significantly in terms of technologies, capabilities and strategies. Despite the complex nature of cyberspace, existing international legal regimes are adequate. International law is applicable to cyberspace; it is rather a question of sorting out the specificities of how it is to be applied. Based on a normative approach, the focus should be placed on further constructing and connecting those existing political and strategic frameworks for the effective governance of international ‘cyber’ relations.
For nearly seventy years, NATO has been used as a forum for its Allies to consult, co-operate, and act on the decisions taken collectively for the benefit of their security and defence. Against the backdrop of a rapidly evolving cyber threat landscape, the Alliance has taken a number of steps in recent years to bolster its cyber defences, recognizing that cyber defence forms a part of NATO’s core task of collective defence. This article will shed light on NATO’s approach to cultivating co-operation on cyber defence – among Allies but also with a broad partnership network of countries, international organizations, industry and academia. Specific initiatives that are being pursued by the Allies to support NATO’s broader deterrence and defence, enhance national cyber resilience, and collaborate with partners in a spirit of co-operative security will be explored. In the end, these activities contribute to ensuring thatNATOcontinues to adapt and remain fit for purpose as a platform for consultation and action on collective security in the digital age.
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