ResumoContexto: A síndrome de burnout é conseqüente a prolongados níveis de estresse no trabalho e compreende exaustão emocional, distanciamento das relações pessoais e diminuição do sentimento de realização pessoal. Objetivo: O objetivo deste artigo foi realizar uma revisão bibliográfica a respeito da síndrome no Brasil e em outros países, considerando sua prevalência, possíveis fatores de risco para seu desenvolvimento, sua associação com outros transtornos psiquiátricos e conseqüências para o indivíduo e a organização em que trabalha. Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica utilizando-se a base de dados da MedLine, SciELO, American Psychiatry Association, EvidenceBased Mental Health, American College of Physicians, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, National Guideline Clearinghouse e da Organização Mundial da Saúde no período compreendido entre 1985 e 2006. Conclusão: A prevalência da síndrome de burnout ainda é incerta, mas dados sugerem que acomete um número significativo de indivíduos, variando de aproximadamente 4% a 85,7%, conforme a população estudada. Pode apresentar comorbidade com alguns transtornos psiquiátricos, como a depressão. Os efeitos do burnout podem prejudicar o profissional em três níveis: individual (físico, mental, profissional e social), profissional (atendimento negligente e lento ao cliente, contato impessoal com colegas de trabalho e/ou pacientes/clientes) e organizacional (conflito com os membros da equipe, rotatividade, absenteísmo, diminuição da qualidade dos serviços). Mais pesquisas devem ser realizadas para que mudanças positivas nas organizações de trabalho sejam baseadas em evidências científicas.Trigo, T.R. et al. / Rev. Psiq. Clín 34 (5); 223-233, 2007 Palavras-chave: Estafa profissional, trabalho, estresse, prevalência, transtornos psiquiátricos. AbstractBackground: Burnout syndrome is consequent of prolonged levels of stress in the work's environment. Objective: The aims of this article are to obtain information about the syndrome's prevalence in Brazil and in other countries, the risk factors responsible for its development, its association with psychiatric disorders and consequences for the individual and for the organization.

The psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the trait form of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T) and its relation to the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were evaluated in a large Brazilian college student sample containing 845 women and 235 men. STAI-T scores tended to be higher for women, singles, those who work, and subjects under 30 years. Factor analysis of the STAI-T for total sample and by gender yielded two factors: the first representing a mood dimension and the second being related to worrying or cognitive aspects of anxiety. In order to study the relation between anxiety and depression measures, factor analysis of the combination of the 21 BDI items and the 20 STAI-T items was also carried out. The analysis resulted in two factors that were analyzed according to the tripartite model of anxiety and depression. Most of the BDI items (measuring positive affectivity and nonspecific symptoms of depression) were loaded on the first factor and four STAI-T items that measure positive affectivity. The remaining STAI-T items, all of them measuring negative affect, remained in the second factor. Thus, factor 1 represents a depression dimension and factor 2 measures a moodworrying dimension. The findings of this study suggest that, although widely used as an anxiety scale, the STAI-T in fact measures mainly a general negative affect.

The psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Beck Depression Inventory were studied on a large Brazilian college student sample (N= 1,080; 845 women, 235 men). The BDI scores according to sociodemographic characteristics and mean individual item scores for total sample and by gender were compared. BDI scores tend to be higher for women, for those who work, and for the younger participants. The reliability of the inventory estimated by alpha coefficient was high for the total sample (.86) and subgroups. Factor analysis showed three factors for the total sample (low self-esteem, cognitive-affective, and somatic) and two for each gender. Women combined affective and low self-esteem whereas men combined somatic and low self-esteem in the same dimension. Discriminant analysis showed that BDI highly discriminates depressive symptomatology in college students and measures specific aspects of depression.

ResumoA associação entre depressão e doenças clínicas é muito freqüente, levando a pior evolução tanto do quadro psiquiátrico como da doença clínica, com menor aderência às orientações terapêuticas, além de maior morbidade e mortalidade. A depressão muitas vezes é subdiagnosticada e subtratada, principalmente pela presença de sintomas depressivos, que também podem ocorrer em doenças crônicas, como fadiga e anorexia. Diversas doenças estão claramente associadas à depressão, com maior destaque para as doenças cardiovasculares, endocrinológicas, neurológicas, renais, oncológicas e outras síndromes dolorosas crônicas. Os autores discutem as evidências na literatura que demonstram essa associação, com enfoque nos avanços em fisiopatologia e terapêutica psiquiátrica.Palavras chaves: Depressão, comorbidade médica, transtornos afetivos, mortalidade, morbidade. AbstractThe association between major depression and other clinical conditions is frequently observed, leading to worse prognosis both on the psychiatric and clinical conditions, poorer compliance with therapy and increased rates of morbidity and mortality. Depression is often under diagnosed and under treated, mainly when depressive symptoms may be attributed to chronic diseases, such as fatigue and anorexia. Several diseases are clearly linked to depression, typical examples are cardiovascular disease, endocrinological conditions, kidney diseases, neoplasias, and chronic pain. The authors review and discuss the evidence in the literature that suggest such associations, with focus on the advances on the physiopathology and the psychiatric management.

Objective:To present the essential guidelines for pharmacological management of patients with psychomotor agitation in Brazil.Methods:This is a systematic review of articles retrieved from the MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and SciELO databases published from 1997 to 2017. Other relevant articles in the literature were also used to develop these guidelines. The search strategy used structured questions formulated using the PICO model, as recommended by the Guidelines Project of the Brazilian Medical Association. Recommendations were summarized according to their level of evidence, which was determined using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine system and critical appraisal tools.Results:Of 5,362 articles retrieved, 1,731 abstracts were selected for further reading. The final sample included 74 articles that met all inclusion criteria. The evidence shows that pharmacologic treatment is indicated only after non-pharmacologic approaches have failed. The cause of the agitation, side effects of the medications, and contraindications must guide the medication choice. The oral route should be preferred for drug administration; IV administration must be avoided. All subjects must be monitored before and after medication administration.Conclusion:If non-pharmacological strategies fail, medications are needed to control agitation and violent behavior. Once medicated, the patient should be monitored until a tranquil state is possible without excessive sedation.Systematic review registry number:CRD42017054440.