Short Communication Currently, Malaysia is producing about 15 million tons of crude palm oil annually. At the same time, this industry generated about 18 million tons of empty fruit bunches (EFB), one of the largest agricultural wastes in the country (Anon, 2008). EFB is the fi brous biomass left behind after the fruits are stripped for palm oil production. Composting EFB is a promising and sustainable alternative to recycle this enormous amount of waste into value-added and manageable products which later can be used as soil amendment or organic fertilizer. Besides, it is an environmentally acceptable solution to the growing amount of EFB. Although composting of EFB has a long history, there is no substantial information on its microbial diversity as compared to other aspects such as its nutritional requirement, kinetics and enumeration of specifi c microbial groups (Agamuthu et al., 2000; Thambirajah et al., 1995). It is therefore of much interest to identify the microbial community and particularly the microbial
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