Enhanced oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction in preeclampsia (PE). Circulating oxidised LDL (oxLDL) and antibodies to oxLDL (Ab-oxLDL) have been found to be associated with atherosclerosis. The objectives of this study were to investigate the association of oxLDL and Ab-oxLDL with PE and to assess the association between oxLDL and Ab-oxLDL. The levels of oxLDL and Ab-oxLDL were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay in 78 women with preeclampsia (PE group) and 78 women with normal pregnancy (control group). The PE group had higher oxLDL and Ab-oxLDL levels than the control group (485.1vs.145.9 ng/ml, p < .001) and (578.7 vs 216.2 mU/ml, p < .001), respectively. However, Ab-oxLDL levels were not associated with the levels of oxLDL, age, BMI, gestational age, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in both the groups. In conclusion, our study showed that PE was associated with increased oxLDL and Ab-oxLDL, which may reflect the enhanced oxidative stress in PE. Impact Statement Preeclampsia (PE) is a potentially life-threatening condition and both maternal and foetal complications can develop if it is not monitored appropriately. The pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction in PE is related to the enhanced oxidative stress and oxidation of LDL. However, more studies were required as previous studies had not shown a consistent association of oxLDL and Ab-oxLDL with PE. Our study showed significant association of oxLDL and Ab-oxLDL with PE, indicating that their levels may be reliable indicators of oxidation stress and of the risk of PE. Levels of oxidative stress markers may have implications for clinical practice, such as their association with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), HELLP syndrome or eclampsia, foetal birth weight and premature delivery. Further research is still needed, ideally as a prospective cohort study to investigate the association of oxLDL and Ab-oxLDL with such outcome parameters.
Background Thromboembolic complications are much higher in pregnancy due to procoagulant changes. Heparin does not cross the placenta and the use of unfractionated heparin (UFH) is the current established practice in prophylaxis and treatment for thromboembolism in pregnancy. Objectives To compare the effectiveness of anticoagulant therapies for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis in pregnancy. The anticoagulant drugs included are UFH, low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and warfarin. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group’s Trials Register (March 2010) and reference lists of retrieved studies. Selection criteria Randomised controlled trials comparing any combination of warfarin, UFH, LMWH and placebo in pregnant women. Data collection and analysis We used methods described in the Cochrane Handbooks for Systemic Reviews of Interventions for assessing the eligibility of studies identified by the search strategy. A minimum of two review authors independently assessed each study. Main results We did not identify any eligible studies for inclusion in the review. We identified three potential studies; after assessing eligibility, we excluded all three as they did not meet the prespecified inclusion criteria. One study compared LMWH and UFH in pregnant women with previous thromboembolic events and, for most of these women, anticoagulants were used as thromboprophylaxis. There were only three women who had a thromboembolic event during the current pregnancy and it was unclear whether the anticoagulant was used as therapy or prophylaxis. We excluded one study because it included only women undergoing caesarean birth. The third study was not a randomised trial. Authors’ conclusions There is no evidence from randomised controlled trials on the effectiveness of anticoagulation for deep vein thrombosis in pregnancy. Further studies are required.
Even though in the corporate world psychological science has been widely used, the formal use of evidence-based psychology in important areas of clinical medicine has been scanty at best. It was the aim of this study to determine the efficacy of a psychologist-led 2-week nurse educator training on the infection rate in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).Materials and methods: In 2007, six senior neonatal nurses underwent a training course focusing on the retrieval of evidence and knowledge of psychological principles that would allow them to share the evidence in such a way that evidence is effectively brought into practice. The course was led by a psychologist. The nurses created and delivered their own teaching modules, all focused on infection control. The rates of bacteremia, 2 years prior to intervention were analyzed and compared with the rate following the intervention for 3 years.Results: The immediate output of the course included three teaching modules: hand washing, sterile procedures, and general measures to control infection. These modules were subsequently administered to the NICU nurses in regular structured continuous nursing education sessions. The psychological techniques taught in the course were applied. Bacteremia in the NICU significantly decreased in the year of the course and the subsequent years when compared to previous years (from more than 17 in 2005 and 2006 to less than 10 per 100 admissions to the NICU in 2008 and 2009).Conclusion: This study suggests that a psychologist-led course, followed by a structured CNE can lead to a sustainable reduction in infection rates in a NICU.
Syringomyelia is a rare neurological disease, which is characterized by the formation of a cyst in the spinal cord. The aetiology of the disease still remains controversial. The damage to the spinal cord results in headache, weakness, stiffness and numbness on both lower and upper limbs. Only few a cases of syringomyelia in pregnancy have been reported thus far. As such, there is no standard management of intrapartum care.1 We present a case of symptomatic syringomyelia in pregnancy, its management and literature review. The mode of delivery with risks for vaginal route is discussed.
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