Individual variability in preferred sleep timing is popularly described as chronotype. This study was conducted on 2105 subjects living in remote (500; without electricity), rural (500; with electricity) and urban areas (1105) having access to modern amenities of Chhattisgarh, India. Horne –Östberg questionnaires were used to find out the prevalence of morningness/eveningness. Sleep parameters and excessive daytime sleepiness were also evaluated with the help of questionnaires and the Epworth sleepiness scale. According to the Horne and Östberg classification, 83.87% of the total population was classified as morning type (MT), 13.30% as intermediate type (IT) and 3.23% people were reported as evening type (ET) with a significant difference (P < 0.001) in distribution of chronotype. The frequencies of MT people in remote, rural and urban areas were 99.60%, 95.20%, and 71.58%, respectively. An increasing trend in the percentage of IT peoples was observed from remote (0.4%) to rural (4.8%) and urban areas (22.3%). This decreasing frequency of MT and increasing number of IT among urban inhabitants may be attributable to change of lifestyle. Significant positive correlations were observed between evening type and delayed bed/wake‐up time, increase in sleep dissatisfaction and higher level of daytime sleepiness (P < 0.01). Elevated level of salivary C‐reactive protein and decreased sleep duration was also observed in evening types. From the results of the present study it can be concluded that the prevalence of chronotypes in the general population is influenced by lifestyle, and that sleep disruption is more profound in evening‐active people.

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Television is the most widespread communication system of modern society, however, excessive television viewing have long-lasting adverse effects on health. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of television on sleep behavior of human population of Chhattisgarh, India. The study have been conducted on 2105 individuals from remote (without electricity and television), rural, and urban areas. The rural population was further divided in two groups (i) people having electrical facility but no television and (ii) people living in houses with electricity and television. In urban area, all the subjects had electricity and television. Hours of television viewing and different sleep parameters were evaluated with the help of questionnaire. Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) was quantified by Epworth Sleepiness Scale. People living in rural and urban area having access to television reported shorter sleep duration with change in sleepwake time and higher level of sleepiness during daytime as compared to people living with only electrical facility. On the other hand, the sleep duration of the people living in remote area is significantly higher with lowest EDS (p 5 0.01). It was also noticed that the time spent for viewing television decreases with age, and increase in EDS is associated with the hours of television viewing (p 5 0.01). Further, television was found to increase sleep dissatisfaction with delayed sleepwake time (p 5 0.01). From the findings of the present study, it can be safely concluded that sleep impairment is increasing in general population due to television watching.

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