No abstract

No abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the synthesis of MgAl/LDH from the drying process perspective, evaluating the influence of temperature (75–90 °C) and time (16–20 h) in the drying process. The synthesis was performed, maintaining a ratio of 2:1 of Mg/Al, and the drying was conducted according to a 2 2 experimental design: four axial points and three repetitions at the central point. The surface area and pore diameter ranged from 4.09 to 18.55 m 2 /g and 12.50 to 24.46 nm. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis indicated the drying-caused variation of the LDH typical bands intensities. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed the tendency of the increase of agglomeration with the temperature elevation. The drying parameters’ influence was evident for X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis observing the crystallite size increment, from 13.10 to 38.94 nm, and basal spacing variation, from 7.52 to 7.64 Å. The statistical models for growing crystal and reduction of the basal spacing were physically consistent but with low values of R 2 . The drying time and temperature had a considerable influence on the chemical, physical, structural, and morphological properties of LDH.

The contribution of biomass to the world's energy supply is presently estimated to be around 10% to 14%. The conversion of biomass to biofuels can be achieved primarily via biochemical and thermochemical processes. Recently, the use of thermochemical processes as pyrolysis and gasification has received great attention. The biomass composition and form of process conduction can affect greatly the efficiency of conversion for both gasification and pyrolysis. This review compiles recent thermochemical studies using several kinds of biomass to obtain biofuels and, additionally, it presents a brief description of main gasification and pyrolysis processes employed. Publications in Patent database also were reported and compiled.

No abstract