Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a common cause of spinal cord dysfunction. The degenerative disease can cause serious neurological symptoms that can significantly affect the quality of life. The heterogenous presentation of CSM and a lack of a single comprehensive outcome instrument can make the management of suspected CSM very difficult. Despite the advances in surgical techniques to treat CSM, the indications to do surgery remain controversial, particularly in older individuals who commonly present with the disease. There is also debate on the optimal surgical approach to treat CSM, and most neurosurgeons remain unfamiliar with the evaluation tools that drive economic health care as a result of the surgical procedures. Here, the scientific literature was carried out using PubMed with the following keywords: cervical spondylotic myelopathy, anterior, posterior, anterior-posterior, elderly, cost-utility analyses. The bibliographies of these papers were also reviewed to yield additional papers of high significance. The goal of this review is to provide insight in to the surgical outcomes, preoperative management decisions, elderly population, and the cost-effectiveness of the types of surgery in relation to cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained.
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