Offender assessment has been and remains the cornerstone of effective community supervision. This article presents the development of and tests the predictive validity of a 4th-generation risk assessment instrument designed for U.S. probation. A large administrative data set was used to create the assessment instrument and conduct an initial validation. Subsequent data generated from officer-completed assessments were used to conduct a prospective validation. Finally, data from case vignettes scored by trained officers were used to test the interrater agreement of the assessment instrument. Overall, analysis revealed that the assessment instrument predicted rearrest reliably when using the assessment results based on administrative data or officer-completed assessments. Analysis also revealed high rates of interrater agreement. Recommendations for future research and policy implications are presented.
Abstract-MACSimJX provides the means for advanced modelling and development of multiagent driven control systems. This is achieved by drawing together two modelling tools used extensively in their respective communities. These are Simulink, a tool used for control systems development and JADE, an environment for developing agents. Thus the strengths of their particular domains of application may be drawn upon to facilitate research and development in the joint field of decentralised systems control. To the authors knowledge no other implementation such as this exists. MACSimJX, otherwise known as the extension of MACSim with JADE, is available for download at www.agentcontrol.co.uk.
Three adult cases of secretory carcinoma of the breast were studied by both light and electron microscopy. Histologically the tumors revealed three patterns, namely, solid, microcystic and ductal. Ultrastructurally the tumor cells contained large numbers of membrane‐bound intracytoplasmic secretory vacuoles. In addition, numerous intracytoplasmic as well as intercellular lumina containing abundant secretory material were noted. Secretory carcinoma in adults is rare with only twenty cases reported previously in the literature. It is known to have a better prognosis than the usual ductal carcinoma. The most appropriate treatment appears to be an extended simple mastectomy.
Thrombosis and occlusion of major veins have been described following the use of transvenous pacing electrodes for the establishment of permanent cardiac pacing. The frequency of such complications is, however, not well known. A series of 125 patients was therefore reviewed, all of whom had been paced with permanent transvenous electrodes through a cephalic vein. There was clinical and venographic evidence of subclavian vein occlusion in only 3 of these patients. A further 20 of these patients were also subjected to venography and showed no radiographic evidence of venous occlusion although minor thrombosis associated with the pacemaker electrode was found in one patient. It is concluded that the convenience of using the cephalic vein as a route for the insertion of transvenous pacing electrodes outweighs the small risk of major venous occlusion.
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