The SAFRR Tsunami Scenario was developed by a large team of experts from many different disciplines. The coordinating committee is the group who participated in the biweekly coordinating committee conference calls and assured that the different working groups communicated effectively.
To prevent inadvertent triggering of earthquakes by fluid injection, the Geophysical Laboratory of the University of Southern California is engaging in a detailed study of microearthquake activities along a portion of the Newport-Inglewood Fault where the accumulating tectonic stress is interacting with massive oil pumping and water flooding. Microearthquake monitoring began in February 1971 and has since operated without interruption. A detailed crustal structure was obtained of the Los Angeles basin from well-logging data and is used satisfactorily in accurate epicenter location. Many seismic events connected with the Newport-Inglewood fault system were accurately located to a third of a kilometer and fault-plane solutions were obtained for some. Hundreds of other events were recorded throughout southern California including the complete aftershock sequence of the San Fernando earthquake of February 9, 1971. Also recorded were the Amchitka nuclear shot and several Nevada Test Site events. Water flooding and oil production data have been compiled for several oil fields in our network operating area. Correlation between microearthquake events and water flooding is suggested.
A statistical evaluation of shaking damage to wood-framed houses caused by the 2003 M6.5 San Simeon earthquake indicates that both the rate and severity of damage, independent of structure type, are significantly greater on hilltops compared to hill slopes when underlain by Cretaceous or Tertiary sedimentary rocks. This increase in damage is interpreted to be the result of topographic amplification. An increase in the damage rate is found for all structures built on Plio-Pleistocene rocks independent of topographic position, and this is interpreted to be the result of amplified shaking caused by geologic site response. Damage rate and severity to houses built on Tertiary rocks suggest that amplification due to both topographic position and geologic site response may be occurring in these rocks, but effects from other topographic parameters cannot be ruled out. For all geologic and topographic conditions, houses with raised foundations are more frequently damaged than those with slab foundations. However, the severity of damage to houses on raised foundations is only significantly greater for those on hill slopes underlain by Tertiary rocks. Structures with some damage-resistant characteristics experienced greater damage severity on hilltops, suggesting a spectral response to topographic amplification.
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