Fish were passed through two large Archimedes lifts and a large Hidrostal pump at the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation's experimental pumping plant on the upper Sacramento River, California. Two of the pumps were run concurrently during trials to compare their effects on hatchery-reared juvenile chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. In each trial, control samples were released at pump outfalls, and treatment samples were inserted into the intake of each pump. Fish in samples were collected in downstream holding tanks. In 27 trials comparing the two Archimedes lifts, mean survival for paired control and treatment groups was 98.3-99.0% for both lifts. Effects from pump passage were not detected for either lift at ␣ ϭ 0.05. In 40 trials comparing the Archimedes lifts and Hidrostal pump, mean survival for paired control and treatment groups was 96.5-99.5% for both pump types. Effects of passage through these small pumps were detected: 0.9% for the Archimedes lifts and 2.4% for the Hidrostal pump. To examine their effects on riverine fish, the two Archimedes lifts and the Hidrostal pump were run concurrently for 24 h during 24 trials. The pumps entrained 3,337 juvenile chinook salmon and 2,773 fish of 27 other species. Survival per pump for riverine chinook salmon and the other species taken collectively ranged from 94% to 98%, and among-pump differences were not statistically significant. Postpassage examinations of chinook salmon from experimental trials and entrained riverine fish revealed a very low incidence of potentially debilitating injuries among surviving individuals. Because of these results and supporting data in other studies, this pumping technology is being considered for use at other water diversion sites in California to protect fisheries resources.
Yellow perch were studied as a portion of a total environmental baseline study in 1972 before operation of a new pumped storage power plant on the eastern shore of Lake Michigan near Ludington. Of 1,546 perch taken by gill nets, age III (1969 year class) and IV fish contributed 40.1% and 27.4% of the total number, with male fish being taken much more frequently than females in all age classes during spring sampling. Comparative growth and lengthweight data indicated that the perch were generally growing to larger sizes than those reported previously from the Great Lakes. Most fish older than age I were sexually mature and spawned in shallow littoral waters from mid-May to late June. Mature fish spent the summer in the littoral zone and moved to deeper water by late fall. The ratio of ovary weight to body weight was 20-25% before spawning, declined sharply, and increased again in fall. Ninety-six female fish examined for fecundity had a range of 10,654 to 157,594 eggs, and in general, because of the larger sizes of the fish, had greater fecundity than previously reported for other yellow perch. Regression equations were developed for fecundity vs. length (logarithmic), weight (linear), ovarian weight (logarithmic), and age (semi-logarithmic). •Based on a portion of a thesis submitted to the facuky of the Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, at Michigan State University in partial fulfillment for the degree of Master of Science. 2 Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Article Number 7370. s Present address: Michigan State University, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Great Lakes Research Laboratory, South Lakeshore Drive, Ludington, Michigan 49431. relationships, spawning activity, reproduction, and fecundity, and uses of morphometric measurements as predictors. METHODS The year was arbitrarily divided into the following three periods, which tend to coincide with physical changes in climate at the sampling site: Spring, , with experimental gill nets consisting of seven 15.24-m panels of 25, 51, 64, 76, 102, 114, and 177 mm stretched mesh. Nets were set at five stations near the breakwater and jetties of the Ludington Pumped Storage Power Plant located about 7.5 km SSE of Ludington, Michigan, and at a control station about 7.5 km farther south of the plant. The control station was sufficiently far from the power plant that the effects by plant operation would be negligible. However, after an examination of the data no significant differences were found between stations and data from individual stations were pooled.Weather permitting, the six stations were sampled weekly with the nets set for 24-h periods. Generally, the bottom in the sampling area was composed of sand interspersed 726
Longnose dace taken mainly during night hours over gravel‐rock substrates in a surge zone of east‐central Lake Michigan provided seasonal data on distribution, age, growth, maturity, fecundity, and food habits. Dominated by age‐classes II and III, longnose dace entered surge‐zone waters in mid‐May for spawning and remained in small numbers through November. Peak spawning occurred during late June and early July. Egg production ranged from 870 to 9,953 eggs per female. Age 0 fish were taken in early August and reached a mean length of 42 mm by late October. Only a few yearlings (age I) spawned the following year; all fish were mature by age II. Major foods of adult fish were from terrestrial sources.
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