The growing number of surgical procedures at the base of the skull makes a clear understanding of sphenoid disease and its anatomic relationships important for the modern otolaryngologist. We present five cases demonstrating the spectrum of sphenoid sinus disease, its systemic as well as local complications, and its surgical management. Pertinent anatomic and embryologic relations are reviewed and their diagnostic evaluation is discussed. Pitfalls in the diagnosis and management of these diseases are reviewed noting possible complications and significant danger points. The necessity for cooperation among the otolaryngologist, neurosurgeon, and ophthalmologist in the management of these entities is also demonstrated.
\s=b\A child had complete mandibular agenesis, with associated anomalies of microstomia, left choanal stenosis, and a cleft soft palate. This child had evidence of disruption in development at about the four-week stage by the persistence of several developmental remnants, specifically, the buccopharyngeal membrane, tongue remnants, and the laryngotracheal groove. The etiology of this condition is unclear at this time.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.