The purpose of this article is to create awareness of the need for a robust mango policy and practice paradigm shift from traditional planning methods to participatory project planning, to enhance performance. It is based on an empirical scientific research for PhD thesis carried out in Makueni County Kenya, focusing on the influence of participatory project planning and performance of mango farming projects. Project Management theory formed the basis that guided the study, descriptive cross-sectional study design was used whilepragmatism research paradigm which uses mixed method approach was adopted. A sample of 375 respondents was selected from a population of 12,622 mango farmers using multistage sampling technique. Data was collected using both self-administered questionnaires and interview of 15 key informants. Both descriptive and inferential data analysis techniques were applied. Null hypothesis which stated that, there is no significant relationship between participatory project planning and performance of mango farming projects was tested through F-test and correlation. The findings showed that there existed a statistically significant correlation between the two variables at 95% confident levels with Df (2,367), F=2.402, t=1.469, p=0.000<0.05, r= 0.339 and R 2 = 0.115. It was concluded that there was significant relationship between participatory project planning and performance of mango farming projects and the null hypothesis was rejected since it was not supported by the results. Based on the findings this article recommends that, in order to improve performance, participatory project planning considerations supported by an appropriate iterative combination of planning measures which are inherent along the project management life cycle.Participatory project planning should always be embraced in crafting of policy for optimal practice directions, to enhance performance.
The study investigated on the influence of tokenism in sustainability of community water projects in Makueni County Kenya. The Arnstein's ladder Theory of Citizen Participation Tokenism Part was used in the study. It was clearly depicted by Pink (2012) that water is a natural resource that is very important to human life on the planet earth vital for supporting and sustaining all life. Carter (2007) described water on the planet earth being fundamental to biosphere healthy life, human health and social well-being on economic development and growth in developing countries. Further, Carter (2007) said that fresh water resources were poorly managed and polluted in the midst of watchful eye of key water policymakers. Rural communities needed to be emancipated from vicious circle want of basic life sustenance and be empowered economically through the power of tokenism (informing, consultation and placation) to manage and sustain their water projects efficiently and effectively for sustainable community development. Water is very important in achieving a faster sustainable development which impacts positively on socioeconomic wellbeing of the community. In order to hasten the wheels of community sustainable development, water should always be readily available for all community needs. There has been many inherent misunderstanding on how communities should be empowered to attain the much needed sustainable development. Muthuri et al (2009) brings to light existence of community development agenda criticisms influenced by socio-political patronage and insensitive institutionalization of participatory process affecting local priorities which are seen as vital in empowering people. Khwaja (2004) said such emergence criticisms exacerbated by political vested
The objective of this research, based on a PhD thesis, is to highlight the need for crafting a resilient and robust environmental policy for managing the effects of anthropogenic social hazards in numerous mango projects. The rate at which human-caused anthropogenic pressures have deteriorated pristine ecosystems has converted them into multi-faceted areas of environmental concern. Unplanned activities caused by human economic factors have drastically intensified the growth of uncontrolled polluting projects across the globe and in Africa. They influenced climate change, global warming, and desertification in sub-Saharan Africa. This study advocates for a pragmatic and resilient environmental policy that acts as a catalyst for reducing environmental degradation, which stifles long-term economic growth in mango-growing regions. The performance of the Mango projects did not achieve economic efficiency and optimality yields in this research due to variable rainfall, climate change, and global warming, among other natural and human economic consequences. Reduced forest cover resulted in environmental disruption that impacted the well-being of water catchment towers and their self-sustaining and self-replenishing riparian ecosystems. It also endangered the biosphere, the life-support compartment, the only part of unique biotic and abiotic compartments that supply nutrients and support flora and fauna in a wide range of riparian ecosystems. The study examined how environmental factors influenced the relationship between the participatory life cycle and project performance. The study also sought to investigate how “strategic-fit” those project environments in mango zones were due to the emerging existential risks occasioned by the sporadic proliferation of polluting projects on the global and local scene. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, interviews, and observation guides. The pragmatism research paradigm was selected since it collects both quantitative and qualitative data.From the statistical analyses of correlation and regression, results indicated that, with DF (2, 367) =9.23, t=6.511 at the 95 % significance level P=0.000<0.05, r=0.324 and R2= 0.124, depicted, the test was statistically significant and the null hypothesis rejected. The paper recommends designing a resilient environmental policy to manage the adoption of SMART regenerative agriculture on mango farms, with the backup of participatory regulations that guide carbon sequestration measures to control emerging anthropogenic disasters. In this study, mango fruit was adversely affected by extreme weather conditions and erratic environmental changes. Majorly, the environmental changes were triggered and exacerbated by uncontrolled human activities that disrupted the self-replenishing steady state of nature, leading to global warming and climate change in many mango project environments. For this reason, people should have the smallest ecological footprint to enhance environmental justice and foster sustainable development in volatile mango project environments.
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