From 1992 through 1996, 257 Gulf sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi were captured in the Pearl River system of Louisiana and Mississippi, but adults (>130 cm fork length) constituted less than 2% of the catch. The summer population size in 1996, estimated by mark–recapture methods, was 292 individuals that were age 2 or older. Instantaneous total mortality rate (Z), estimated with a catch curve, was 0.41, for an annual mortality rate of 34%. Modeling the population with Z = 0.41 resulted in declining populations under two different recruitment scenarios. Mortality rates will have to be reduced to Z = 0.16–0.24 for the population to be self‐sustaining by 2023, the target year in the Gulf Sturgeon Recovery Plan. Mean fork length of Gulf sturgeon in the Pearl River system was significantly larger in 1970 than in 1985 and 1992–1996, indicating that the population may not have improved since 1985. An increase in population size should be detectable within 6 years of achieving acceptable levels of mortality. Efforts to reduce mortality should focus on commercial bycatch and improving winter habitat in the Lake Pontchartrain estuary and summer habitat in the Pearl River system. Weirs in the Pearl and Bogue Chitto rivers need further study to determine if improved fish passage would improve recruitment and survival of Gulf sturgeon.

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Abbreviated Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) was carried out on a sample of obsidian artifacts from the Terminal Formative to early Late Classic period site of Palo Errado, located in the southern Gulf lowlands of Veracruz, Mexico. Our understanding of Classic period obsidian economies in the southern Gulf lowlands has been largely informed by studies of the political economies of the highland Mexican cities of Teotihuacan and Cantona, which appear to have controlled the Pachuca and Otumba, and Zaragoza-Oyameles obsidian sources, respectively. However, the NAA results from Palo Errado indicate that while the local obsidian economy was dominated by prismatic blade technology utilizing Zaragoza-Oyameles obsidian, five additional highland Mexican sources were used during the Early Classic period. The presence of Ucareo and the use of Otumba in core-blade reduction, for instance, set Palo Errado apart from contemporary sites in the southern Gulf lowlands. Temporal variation in quantity of supplemental obsidian sources and their use in different reduction technologies suggest that consumers at Palo Errado had access to abundant Zaragoza-Oyameles obsidian of a quality high enough to facilitate the production of fine prismatic blades. At the same time, however, they continued to participate in exchange networks that tied them to other areas of central Mexico, independently from other contemporaneous sites in the southern Gulf lowlands.

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