Figure 1 An image analogy. Our problem is to compute a new "analogous" image B that relates to B in "the same way" as A relates to A. Here, A, A , and B are inputs to our algorithm, and B is the output. The full-size images are shown in Figures 10 and 11. AbstractThis paper describes a new framework for processing images by example, called "image analogies." The framework involves two stages: a design phase, in which a pair of images, with one image purported to be a "filtered" version of the other, is presented as "training data"; and an application phase, in which the learned filter is applied to some new target image in order to create an "analogous" filtered result. Image analogies are based on a simple multiscale autoregression, inspired primarily by recent results in texture synthesis. By choosing different types of source image pairs as input, the framework supports a wide variety of "image filter" effects, including traditional image filters, such as blurring or embossing; improved texture synthesis, in which some textures are synthesized with higher quality than by previous approaches; super-resolution, in which a higher-resolution image is inferred from a low-resolution source; texture transfer, in which images are "texturized" with some arbitrary source texture; artistic filters, in which various drawing and painting styles are synthesized based on scanned real-world examples; and texture-by-numbers, in which realistic scenes, composed of a variety of textures, are created using a simple painting interface.Please see http://grail.cs.washington.edu/projects/image-analogies/ for additional information and results.While image analogies are clearly a desirable goal, it is not so clear how they might be achieved.

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We present a new representation for time-varying image data that allows for varying-and arbitrarily high-spatial and temporal resolutions in different parts of a video sequence. The representation, called multiresolution video, is based on a sparse, hierarchical encoding of the video data. We describe a number of operations for creating, viewing, and editing multiresolution sequences. These operations support a variety of applications: multiresolution playback, including motion-blurred "fast-forward" and "reverse"; constantspeed display; enhanced video scrubbing; and "video clip-art" editing and compositing. The multiresolution representation requires little storage overhead, and the algorithms using the representation are both simple and efficient.

We present a novel method for generating performance-driven, "hand-drawn" animation in real-time. Given an annotated set of hand-drawn faces for various expressions, our algorithm performs multi-way morphs to generate real-time animation that mimics the expressions of a user. Our system consists of a vision-based tracking component and a rendering component. Together, they form an animation system that can be used in a variety of applications, including teleconferencing, multi-user virtual worlds, compressed instructional videos, and consumer-oriented animation kits.This paper describes our algorithms in detail and illustrates the potential for this work in a teleconferencing application. Experience with our implementation suggests that there are several advantages to our hand-drawn characters over other alternatives: (1) flexibility of animation style; (2) increased compression of expression information; and (3) masking of errors made by the face tracking system that are distracting in photorealistic animations.