The simultaneous hydrolysis and Isomerization of orthochlorotoluene and parachlorotoluene have been Investigated. The optimum operating conditions are 350°O , 2.5 moles of sodium hydroxide per mole of chlorotoluene, and 2-hour reaction time.
Three years ago, a joint project was established by the Wright Aeronautical Division, Curtiss-Wright Corp., at the Jet and Flame Laboratory of New York University, to study the preparation and behavior of pyrophoric organometallic compounds. The aluminum alkyls have been one of the most interesting groups studied to date, from an ignition standpoint.Compounds capable of ready spontaneous ignition with air are of considerable potential importance for certain types of air-breathing power plants. Certain thermal theories of flame propagation suggest that the flame is propagated by virtue of continuous spontaneous ignition occurring on the leading edge of the flame front; in such a case, the time lapse before the flame appears-ignition delay-would be an important factor.Although aluminum alkyls have been known for some time, it has been only during the past few years that these compounds have been the subject of extensive research, largely because of the use of these compounds by Ziegler as catalysts for olefin polymerizations at low pressures. Preparation of Aluminum AlkylsA convenient method for the preparation of small quantities of these compounds involves a displacement reaction between aluminum metal and the alkyl compound of some less active metal (which can be readily prepared)-e.g., the reaction of dimethylmercury with an excess of aluminum yields trimethylaluminum and mercury (2) :Although this procedure gives good yields for lower members of the series, the decreased stability of the higher mercury alkyls limits its usefulness. The cost of such a method would be high.Recently Ziegler has developed several new methods of preparing aluminum alkyls using olefins as the starting reagents (10, 11).At about 100° C. lithium aluminum hydride reacts with ethylene and tetraethylaluminum lithium is formed:When this quaternary salt is treated with aluminum chloride, triethylaluminum is formed :This method has been used to prepare the corresponding η-propyl and n-hexyl com pounds.A more economical process for the large scale production of these compounds involves spraying aluminum into an atmosphere of hydrogen and an olefin (12): 172 METAL-ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Downloaded from pubs.acs.org by UNIV OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO on 06/09/15. For personal use only.
A method for estimating adsorption equilibria based on a modification of the Polanyi adsorption‐potential theory was developed for use in the investigation described in Part I of this article. In addition, the recently published correlation method of Lewis, Gilliland, Chertow, and Cadogan, suitably modified for the present application, was successfully employed in the correlation and extrapolation of the ternary equilibrium data.
The design and operation of a pilot‐scale‐moving bed adsorber to separate the various components of a gas mixture using activated carbon as the preferential adsorbent are described. A binary system, methane–acetylene, and a ternary system, methane–carbon dioxide–acetylene, were studied. The performance of the unit was analyzed by means of the transfer‐unit‐height (H.T.U.) concept based on the observed changes in gas composition during tower operation. For both the binary and ternary systems the transfer‐unit height was independent of feed‐gas composition but was found to vary linearly with the ratio of feed gas to carbon flow. The over‐all transfer‐unit‐height values based on either the gas or the adsorbed phase were observed to vary from 6.5 in. at 1.39 std. cu. ft./lb. carbon to 36.9 in. at 4.81 std. cu. ft./lb. carbon.
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