Background: DNA-protein conjugates can be induced by reactive oxygen species and proteolytically cleaved to the corresponding peptide conjugates. Results: Polymerase bypass past C5-dT peptide conjugates catalyzed by human polymerases and gives rise to base substitutions and deletions. Conclusion: Replication past C5-T peptide conjugates is mutagenic. Significance: This study provides the first evidence for error-prone replication of DPCs cross-linked to pyrimidines in DNA.

The use of volunteers in this culture for community health endeavors is an understudied area. Yet, there may be many potential benefits for utilizing volunteers in the delivery of community health education and promotion. Volunteers may have more immediate access to their peers, credibility, and familiarity with the cultural environment and organization elements. An assumption of volunteer use is that persons drawn from a targeted organization (or community subgroup) will be like other members. Such an assumption, however, should be confirmed or disproved. This article compares a sample of volunteers to a sample of members from organizations from which the volunteers were recruited. The paper also compares the volunteers to a sample of program participants. The participants were persons to whom the volunteers delivered CVD prevention programming and, in most cases, were also organization members. Collectively using the variables under investigation, multivariate analyses of variance found that the volunteers were different from the organization members, and different from program participants. To assess differences between the samples on each individual variable, univariate tests were conducted stratifying the samples by age. Statistically significant differences were found regarding organization activity, formal education level, success with past health habit change, health self-assessment, occupation, gender, and marital status.

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The purpose of this cross-national study was to: a) initiate construction of a model to analyze the development of self evaluation among adolescents; and b) to show that this process of development occurs cross-culturally. A path model was constructed based on a symbolic interaction perspective. Seven variables assumed to be antecedents of self evaluation were included in the model: SES, support from the mother and from the father, the adolescent's evaluation of his/her mother and of his/her father; self religiosity of the adolescent, and evaluation of culturally significant religious images. The model was evaluated using Catholic high school samples from five cultures: Spain, Mexico, Puerto Rico, West Germany and the United States. The total sample included 1069 boys and 916 girls . The results show that the same process of self evaluation occurs cross-sexually and cross-nationall y . The results also indicate that the evaluation of the parents (an indicator of identification w ith the parents) and identification of the self with religious images (which are valued social symbols in these social situations) are the most important positive antecedents tested . Religiosity and SES are not significantly related to self evaluation. Father support is positively related to self evaluation, but rnother support, controlling for the interaction of the other dependent variables in the model, is negatively related. Explanation of this unexpected finding is provided.

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