A low hemoglobin level or even frank anemia is common among female endurance runners; controversy presently exists on the effectiveness of iron supplementation. In the past inadequate descriptions of training and too infrequent measurement of iron indices over a sufficiently long period, have made it difficult to establish any relationship between iron status and training upon which to base a rational iron therapy. In this study 5 young women distance runners age 18-25 years have been studied for 300 days. A numerical index was used to quantify the extent of an individual's daily training effort and a conceptual model of the effect of training allowed definition of the extent of consequent fatigue, to be calculated. Red blood cell number and hemoglobin concentration were measured regularly throughout, and during the last 200 days serum iron, ferritin, total iron binding capacity and percent transferrin saturation were also measured. It has been shown in most subjects that serum iron and transferrin saturation varied in phase with training and the fatigue index, throughout the period while serum ferritin varied out of phase. It is suggested that supplementing iron intake may be of little use during heavy training and concomitant high fatigue because transferrin saturation is also very high at this time and ineffective in promoting absorption of dietary iron.

A series of studies is presented demonstrating some of the interrelationships between food intake, body temperature, and the hypothalamus. These include the effects of ambient temperature, diet, activity, and hypothalamic lesions on the energy balance of the rat. Finally, a theory of the relationships among the variables of thermal balance and food intake is presented.

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459recovery from punishment was unrelated to level of deprivation. This suggests that the increased recovery over sessions was due to the extinguishing of fear conditioned to the apparatus and to cues associated with approach responses as a function of time spent in the apparatus, rather than being due to the increased drive level as suggested by Trapold, Miller, and Coons (1960). REFERENCES ANNATJ, Z., & KAMIN, L. J. The conditioned emotional response as a function of intensity of the US.

Elevated serum lipid levels and/or abnormal carbohydrate-insulin mechanisms have been observed with increasing frequency in obese persons ( 13). In addition, abnormalities in lipid/carbohydrate metabolism have also been demonstrated in atherosclerotic and atherosclerotic prone individuals (6,8,9,12, 14). Similar metabolic abnormalities have been produced in rats made obese by lesions of the hypothalamus ( 3 ) . In this paper we report the development of hyperbeta-and hyperprebeta-lipoproteinemia, decreased glucose tolerance and abnormal serum insulin levels in association with obesity in a subhuman primate.Methods. Subjects. Data are reported on 19 male and 2 female monkeys (Macaca mu-Zatta) obtained commercially. The animals were classified arbitrarily as obese if their body weights exceeded 15 kg. Two groups of obese animals were studied: in one obesity was obtained by placement of lesions in the hypothalamus; in the other, obesity occurred spontaneously when the animals reached "middle age" (12-14 years old). Brain lesions were aimed at the ventromedial area of the hypothalamus, using the procedures of Hamilton and Brobeck (5). When properly placed, these lesions were followed by hyperphagia and obesity. Two of the spontaneously obese animals developed overt diabetes. No insulin was given for treatment of hyperglycemia and glycosuria. Throughout the study all animals were housed in individual cages

Rats with lesions of the anterior midline hypothalamus were studied in reference to the regulation of body temperature and food intake. The data support the thesis that this area of the hypothalamus is involved not only with normal regulation of body temperature but also with food intake, and thus indirectly with internal heat production.

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