Organic matter (OM) management is a critical component in sustainable turfgrass management. Organic matter improves the soils’ ability to hold nutrients and water. However, when OM accumulation is excessive, several detrimental effects develop. Turfgrass is a tillering plant, producing a considerable amount of lateral growth, which will cause inordinate OM accumulation. The objectives of this chapter are to outline how OM effects turfgrass, the available methods for monitoring and measuring OM accumulation, outline correlations between OM levels and disease activity/microbial populations, and identify successful OM management practices.
An experimental DPSK (differential phase shift keyed) system was used to transmit messages in Dabob Bay, Washington. The 75-kHz carrier was modulated by a 48-bit binary encoded block message. A bit error rate of less than 1% was achieved with a projector-to-hydrophone range of 1000 yards with a signal-to-noise ratio around 12 dB. Results of a lab simulation and theoretical considerations indicated that a 1% rate should occur at a signal-to-noise ratio around 6 dB. Possible causes for this discrepancy, along with effects due to Doppler and multipath, will be discussed. [Work supported by U. S. Naval Torpedo Station.]
A sonar trainer requires a wide variety of broadband background noises to create realistic sounds and displays. Linear prediction techniques are typically used for speech.This paper describes how linear prediction coefficient (LPC) techniques were used to simulate a wide variety of underwater background noises for trainers.First the spectral and spatial background noise models are developed. Then the application of a single channel LPC synthesizer for generating background noise. is described, along with test results.I.
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