N. Y,Phenol has been synthesized by partial-pressure evaporation methods in both the sulfonation and fusion steps. Benzene is sulfonatcd in the presence of a high-boiling naphtha cut; then the sodium benzene sulfonate is neutralized and fused with caustic soda under kerosene. The water of reaction or of solution in each ease is removed by partial-pressure evaporation. Comparison with other sulfonation methods is included, and the technical and economic advantages of this process are indicated.Good yields and low material costs are the principal merits. Sulfonation can be carried out with the theoretical molecular ratios of benzene and sulfuric acid, whereas in the fusion operation, aqueous caustic solutions and aqueous solutions of sodium benzene sulfonate can be employed directly -again in practically theoretical proportions.PHENOL is one of the major raw materials of the organic chemical industry. During recent years the annual production in the United States has reached 70,000,000 pounds, of which 75 to 80 per cent, or over 80 tons daily, was made synthetically. Commercial synthesis of phenol involves the hydroxylation of benzene in two stages as:
A. study of some of the variables involved in the injection molding of tensile and impact test specimens from cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, and ethylcellulose molding materials shows that the injection cylinder temperature is the most important variable and has a profound effect on both the tensile and impact test values. With increasing cylinder temperature, the impact strength in-creases as much as four times, the tensile strength may be reduced to half, and the elongation at the break point may be doubled. A method has been suggested for standardizing molding conditions to obtain duplicable results on given experimental equipment. The possible significance of these findings in connection with the manufacture of injection-molded articles is pointed out.
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