Nas reconstruções de acidentes de trânsito é muito importante determinar a velocidade do veículo no momento da colisão. Como se segue, pode-se utilizar as Leis da Física ou métodos alternativos. Nesta perspectiva, uma técnica interessante para estabelecer essa velocidade é o efeito needle slap, em que uma marca é feita na face do mostrador do velocímetro pela agulha no momento do impacto. Neste artigo, mostra-se como identificar esse efeito usando as seguintes técnicas de laboratório: Espectroscopia Raman, para provar a transferência de material entre a face do painel e a agulha; Comparador Vídeo Espectral, para encontrar marcas luminescentes e de fricção da agulha no painel do velocímetro; Microscópio Óptico, para investigar alterações das características morfológicas no mostrador do velocímetro. Para isso, painéis de carros e motos que haviam se envolvido em colisões frontais foram analisados. Entretanto, como em alguns casos é inviável remover o painel de instrumentos para a análise em laboratório, será mostrado como usar um conjunto de luzes (lanternas), combinadas com vários filtros (óculos) para detectar esse fenômeno na cena do acidente.

Traffic accidents in the Brazilian Federal District historically have killed more than 400 people per year. With the purpose of reducing this number and saving lives, we investigated all fatal car crashes which occurred in 2012, proposing solutions for the most dangerous areas. However, the focus of this paper is to study in detail the worst hot spot, located at the intersection formed by two highways (BR-251 and DF-473). To do this, we used forensic data to reconstruct the collisions, which allowed us to identify some contributing factors for these events, namely: the lack of speed control devices, inadequate signs and a route that provides the cross-flow without safety conditions. Besides, all collisions occurred in this crossroad had very similar car crash dynamics. Thus, we suggested two possible engineering road interventions: (i) an emergency intervention: placement of lines to stimulate the speed reduction, before a transversal bump; and (ii) a definitive intervention, more expensive and longest deployment engineering: the adoption of a roundabout preceded by an electronic speed control device with the necessary traffic signs adaptation. We emphasize that the Prosecution Service of the Federal District and Territories supported this work in order to have qualified technical information to demand efficient actions from authorities responsible for the roads.

Traffic accidents in Brazil kill more than 40,000 people a year and injure another 400,000, with largely permanent health impacts. This paper proposes the use of Forensic Intelligence, a field of Forensic Science that is able to convert forensic data into useful information, as a means to support policy measures and strategies, in order to prevent accidents. The selected study site was a small stretch on a Federal Highway (BR-040), where four fatal crashes occurred at the beginning of 2012. This highway had good mobility conditions and had no problems that could be correlated with these four fatal events, although speeding, alcohol abuse, and/or driver inattention were present in the crashes. We propose some possible interventions here, such as the use of advertising campaigns, strengthening traffic law enforcement, reduction of the speed limit, and the installation of electronic speed control devices in order to avoid future traffic accidents.

Fatal car-pedestrian collisions are a very common accident type in the Brazilian Federal District, with 121 occurrences registered in 2012. More than 40% of all pedestrian fatalities occurred at highways. It is known that the most common reason for pedestrians to be on the highways is to cross the roads; however, this is not the safest way to do this. In this regard, this paper aims to map all these kinds of events, in order to investigate the causes and propose solutions to ensure the best and safest conditions for pedestrians. For this purpose, all police data and forensic reports were investigated. Statistical results showed, for example, that car-pedestrian accidents occur more frequently at night, with the vehicle being driven by men aged between 24 and 30 years old. In addition, normally the victims are male, wearing dark color clothes, are 30 to 50 years of age and have consumed alcoholic beverages. Besides this, the geographical locations of all 52 accidents revealed that: (i) more than 90% of the events occurred less than 100m away from a bus stop; and (ii) there was no pedestrian bridge or zebra crossing nearby. Furthermore, no fatal accidents were registered within a radius of 500m from all pedestrian bridges, reinforcing the importance and the efficiency of this apparatus. Thus, from the results of this research, a few suggestions have been proposed to reduce these events. Moreover, it is believed that they can support new public policies related to traffic on highways.

O trabalho do Perito Criminal se resume à realização de exames e à feitura de Laudos Periciais Criminais?