In this study, we examine the distributional effect of international remittances on household expenditures in Cameroon. We define non-poor (poor) and recipient households as those who have access to remittances and allocate a large (small) proportion of their budgets on health, education and/or food. Following this definition, our study uses the quantile regression method and migration observatory data from the Africa and Caribbean (2012) survey, to empirically examine the relation. Results show however that remittances negatively affect the three expenditure items, but only the relation between remittances and food expenditures show statistically significant outcomes. In respect to the quantile distribution method, we find a negative average effect of remittances on food expenditure. In addition, the effect of remittances on the expenditure of less poor household is positive at a large magnitude. This result hence suggests increased economic inequalities resulting from increased remittances. Our finding further confirm the hypothesis stipulating that: adverse distributional effect of remittances depend on household ability to finance the migration cost. We therefore agree with already existing conclusions in the economic literature.
This paper quantify and decompose the Gender Gap in Access to Drinking Water (ADW) in Cameroon, emphasizing the international remittance impacts. To do this, a nonlinear decomposition technique is applied to the data from a survey of 5930 households led in 2012 by Demographic Research and Training Institute (DRTI) with the collaboration of Africa, Caribbean and Pacific migration organisation. We distinguish the remittances from only male migrants (MIRM) from those all migrants (OIRM). The performing a Boostrap analysis show a significant gender gap in ADW; and that female household heads have greater ADW than their counterpart male ones. Moreover, heterogeneity to remittance recipient widen the gap remittances widen the male-female gap in ADW, but the MIRM impact is largest than OIRM ones. Our finding further confirm the hypothesis stipulating that: adverse distributional effect of remittances depend onof household head and migrant gender. We therefore agree with already existing conclusions in the economic literature.
JEL Code: D31, O15, F22 F24 J16
L'objectif de cet article est d'identifier les éléments de frein à la création d'emplois par les Petites et Moyennes Industries de l'Economie camerounaise(PMI-EC). Pour y parvenir, nous avons effectué une enquête de terrain auprès de cette catégorie d'industries durant la période allant de Juin 2018 à Octobre 2019. Sur 300 questionnaires distribués à ces entreprises, 68 ont été exploités. A l'aide du modèle de régression linéaire multiple, les résultats obtenus montrent que l'absence dusoutiendespouvoirs publics, leniveauélevédelafiscalité,letauxd'intérêtappliqué sur le marché etlefinancement informel constituent les principaux freins à la création d'emplois par les PMI-EC. En revanche, le financement bancaire, bien qu'il soit qualifié de marginale, a un impact positif sur la création d'emplois. L'implication des pouvoirs publics, la baisse de la fiscalité, la baisse du taux d'intérêt appliqué par les banques et l'assouplissement des conditions du financement informel réduisent les obstacles à la création d'emplois par les PMI-EC.
Mots clés:Petite et Moyenne Industrie;Création d'emplois; Economie camerounaiseThe obstacles to job creation by small and medium-sized industries in the Cameroonian economy
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