These results raise the possibility that C1 through C3 peripheral nerve stimulation can help improve transformed migraine symptoms and disability. A controlled study is required to confirm these results.

Pudendal entrapment can be a cause of chronic, disabling perineal pain in both men and women. Since symptomatic patients seek medical care from many different medical specialists, a reliable diagnostic protocol should be established. For patients refractory to conventional interventions, surgical decompression of the pudendal nerve can improve pain-related symptoms and disability. With ongoing work on this subject, which is a difficult disorder to accurately diagnose and treat, a better awareness of pudendal entrapment across specialties will emerge.

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contrast, substantial muscle fiber attenuation and disorganization was observed in VD rats treated with saline or empty A-G-beads.CONCLUSIONS: IGF1-A-G-beads improved recovery in a rat model of SUI, suggesting that these microspheres could provide a local sustained delivery method for IGF-1.