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The relationship between mind and brain has philosophical, scientific, and practical implications. Two separate but related surveys from the University of Edinburgh (University students, n= 250) and the University of Liège (health-care workers, lay public, n= 1858) were performed to probe attitudes toward the mind-brain relationship and the variables that account for differences in views. Four statements were included, each relating to an aspect of the mind-brain relationship. The Edinburgh survey revealed a predominance of dualistic attitudes emphasizing the separateness of mind and brain. In the Liège survey, younger participants, women, and those with religious beliefs were more likely to agree that the mind and brain are separate, that some spiritual part of us survives death, that each of us has a soul that is separate from the body, and to deny the physicality of mind. Religious belief was found to be the best predictor for dualistic attitudes. Although the majority of health-care workers denied the distinction between consciousness and the soma, more than one-third of medical and paramedical professionals regarded mind and brain as separate entities. The findings of the study are in line with previous studies in developmental psychology and with surveys of scientists' attitudes toward the relationship between mind and brain. We suggest that the results are relevant to clinical practice, to the formulation of scientific questions about the nature of consciousness, and to the reception of scientific theories of consciousness by the general public.

Objectives To evaluate diagnostic image quality of 3D late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) with high isotropic spatial resolution (~1.4mm3) images reconstructed from randomly under-sampled k-space using LOw-dimensional-structure Self-learning and Thresholding (LOST). Materials and Methods We prospectively enrolled 270 patients (181 men; 55±14 years) referred for myocardial viability assessment. 3D LGE with isotropic spatial resolution of 1.4±0.1 mm3 was acquired at 1.5T using LOST acceleration rate of 3 to 5. In subset of 121 patients, 3D LGE or phase-sensitive LGE were acquired with parallel imaging with acceleration rate of 2 for comparison. Two readers evaluated image quality using a scale of 1 (poor) to 4 (excellent) and assessed for scar presence. McNemar test statistic was used to compare proportion of detected scar between the two sequences. We assessed association between image quality and characteristics (age, gender, torso dimension, weight, heart rate), using generalized linear models. Overall LGE detection proportions for 3D LGE with LOST were similar between readers 1 and 2 (16.30% versus 18.15%). For image quality, readers gave 85.9% and 80.0% respectively for images categorized as good or excellent. Overall proportion of scar presence was not statistically different from conventional 3D LGE (28% vs. 33% (P= 0.17) for reader 1 and 26% vs. 31% (P= 0.37) for reader 2). Increasing subject heart rate was associated with lower image quality (estimated slope of =-0.009 (P= 0.001)). Conclusions High-resolution 3D LGE with LOST yields good to excellent image quality in >80% of patients and identifies patients with LV scar at the same rate as conventional 3D LGE.