The remediation of /r/articulation errors in school-age children often poses a challenge for speech-language pathologists. This study was designed to investigate whether an appliance placed in the maxillary arch would facilitate the production of /r/, whether intervention with or without a direct auditory model and with or without the appliance would have significant effect on treatment success, and whether the appliance would be a feasible treatment adjunct for speech-language pathologists who treat school-age children. Thirty-six school-age subjects were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups. Each subject was seen individually for 15 minutes twice weekly for a period of 6 weeks. Results of the study indicated that the R-appliance was considered to be a useful clinical tool by the speech-language pathologists. Statistically significant differences in favor of the children who used the R-appliance, with either treatment model, were noted at all levels of production—sound, word, and spontaneous speech. In addition, at the level of spontaneous speech, the R-appliance combined with the direct auditory model treatment yielded significantly better results than the R-appliance combined with the non-auditory model.
This study was based on a nationwide sample of 778 family practice residents in the mid-1980s and was conducted to determine the personality types that were most common among those residents. The results showed that the single most common personality type was that in which the individual prefers to see the world in terms of challenges and future possibilities and to make decisions based upon his or her subjective values. These results showed that the sample differed significantly in Myers-Briggs personality type from both the general practitioners of the 1950s and the early family practice residents of the 1970s, who preferred to see the world in terms of the immediate facts of experience and to make decisions objectively. There were also significant differences between the civilian and military family practice residents, but not between the community-based and university-based residents. Implications regarding future practice styles, physicians' personal values, and manpower needs are discussed.
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