No abstract

We reported on a two-dimensional simulation of electrical properties of the radio frequency ͑rf͒ sputter amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O ͑a-IGZO͒ thin-film transistors ͑TFTs͒. The a-IGZO TFT used in this work has the following performance: field-effect mobility ͑ eff ͒ of ϳ12 cm 2 / V s, threshold voltage ͑V th ͒ of ϳ1.15 V, subthreshold swing ͑S͒ of ϳ0.13 V / dec, and on/off ratio over 10 10. To accurately simulate the measured transistor electrical properties, the density-of-states model is developed. The donorlike states are also proposed to be associated with the oxygen vacancy in a-IGZO. The experimental and calculated results show that the rf sputter a-IGZO TFT has a very sharp conduction band-tail slope distribution ͑E a = 13 meV͒ and Ti ohmic-like source/drain contacts with a specific contact resistance lower than 2.7ϫ 10 −3 ⍀ cm 2 .

Tissue plasminogen activator is the only treatment option for stroke victims; however, it has to be administered within 4.5 h after symptom onset, making its use very limited. This report describes a unique target for effective treatment of stroke, even 12 h after onset, by the administration of αB-crystallin (Cryab), an endogenous immunomodulatory neuroprotectant. In Cryab −/− mice, there was increased lesion size and diminished neurologic function after stroke compared with wild-type mice. Increased plasma Cryab was detected after experimental stroke in mice and after stroke in human patients. Administration of Cryab even 12 h after experimental stroke reduced both stroke volume and inflammatory cytokines associated with stroke pathology. Cryab is an endogenous anti-inflammatory and neuroprotectant molecule produced after stroke, whose beneficial properties can be augmented when administered therapeutically after stroke.

CMP that helps patients navigate the health care system and access social and medical resources show significant promise in reducing ED utilization.