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Background and objective: Microleakage of restored teeth can be considered as a major contributing factor for the occurrence of tooth discoloration, secondary caries, deterioration of restorative material, postoperative tooth sensitivity, and pulpal irritation. The objective of this study was to compare the microleakage of primary molars restored with conventional glassionomer cement (GIC) and Giomer after caries removal using conventional cavity preparation (CCP) and chemo-mechanical caries removal (CMCR) techniques. Materials and methods:Sixty extracted carious human primary molars were randomly assigned into three groups of 20 each based on the method of caries removal: Group A: CCP technique; group B: CMCR using Papacarie gel; and group C: CMCR using Carisolv gel. Each group was further divided into two of 10 teeth each according to the restorative material used -conventional GIC (Fuji II) and Giomer (Beautifil II). The restored teeth were thermocycled, immersed in methylene blue dye, sectioned, and examined under stereomicroscope to elicit the dye penetration scores. Results:The results demonstrated that none of the restorative materials were free from microleakage. In Fuji II samples highest microleakage scores were noticed in group A (2.09) followed by group B (0.64), and least in group C (0.27), which were statistically significant. However, in Giomer samples no statistical significant difference in microleakage scores was noticed among the three groups. Conclusion:Chemo-mechanical caries removal technique showed less microleakage when compared to CCP technique and the marginal sealing ability of Giomer was superior to conventional GIC.