The active range of motion of subjects who underwent an ACDF surgery increased postoperative and was dependent on the number of operated levels. In addition, there was an improvement in the disability level after the surgery as measured by the NDI score.
Projections of brain stem catecholamine cell groups are difficult to document since their projection fields overlap. Recently we developed a novel approach for anterograde tracing of catecholamine neurons and used it to map the efferent projections of C1 RVLM neurons. This was achieved using a lentivirus vector that expresses green fluorescent protein under the control of a synthetic dopamine‐β‐hydroxylase promoter. The reporter protein fills the axonal arbor of catecholamine neurons, including intervaricose segments. We used this approach to map the efferent projections of A1 and A5 catecholamine neurons. Differential projections of A1 and A5 were demonstrated. A5 gave rise to a dense spinal projection and also projected to brain stem and diencephalon. A1 preferentially gave rise to ascending projections but did not project to spinal cord. These data reiterate the functional heterogeneity of the catecholamine cell groups and provide further insight into the role of the A1 and A5 neurons in autonomic and endocrine regulation. (info:ddbj-emblgenbank/RRO18604, HL55786, HL76312, Neurogenic Cardiovascular Disease Consortium)
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