Introduction:Abnormal cell proliferation appears to be a possible predictor of tumorigenesis, Ki-67 protein expression is closely related to the cell proliferation and could be used as a biomarker for the growth in the most of human tumors. The aim of the study: Investigating of Ki-67 expression in the pathological grades of oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinomas.Materials and Methods:The sample consisted of 30 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), 30 other of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC), and 10 normal oral epithelium (NOE) were conventionally stained with hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemically stained with Ki-67 monoclonal antibody.Results:Expression of Ki-67 was restricted to the basal layers in the normal oral epithelium whereas Ki-67 positive cells in oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) were located in the basal, suprabasal and spinous layers, Ki-67 expression was increased in high-risk cases. Ki-67 positive cells in well-differentiated (OSCC) were located mainly in the periphery of the tumor nests, in moderately-differentiated (OSCC) were located in both peripheral and part of a center of the tumor nests whereas it was diffused in most of the Poorly-differentiated (OSCC). Statistical analysis indicated a significant difference between the expression in (OED) and (NOE), (OSCC) and (NOE), and no differences between (OED) and (OSCC).Conclusion:This study has concluded that Ki-67 antigen could be used as a marker for the histological grading of OED and OSCC, Expression of Ki 67 increased according to the severity of oral epithelial dysplasia.

This study aimed to investigate the correlation between ß-catenin immunoexpression and histopathological grades of lower lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). β-Catenin abnormal expression was found in 29% of the squamous cells of well differentiated LSCC, 63% of moderately differentiated and 86% of poorly differentiated, and therefor was significantly associated with histological grade (p=0.000). Nuclear β-catenin expression appeared in 5% of the cells and was also correlated with the histological grades (p=0.000). In 14.7% of the cells it was localized in the cytoplasm, again correlating with histology (p=0.002). According to this study the expression of β-catenin is an independent prognostic factor for histological grade and to the tumor differentiation. This appears to reflect a structural association and the role of β-catenin in tumor progression.

Introduction: Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), belonging to the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, regulate many cellular activities. The Use of recombinant human bone morphogenic protein‑2 (rhBMP‑2) in oral and maxillofacial surgery has seen a tremendous increase, yet the relation between RH-BMP2 and oral squamous cell carcinoma cells (OSCC) is not fully clear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of RH-BMP2 on p53, a tumor suppressor gene, which is reported to be the most frequent target for genetic alterations leading to cancer during the progression of OSCC in the golden Syrian hamster Buccal pouches.Materials and methods: Buccal pouches of 34 hamsters were painted with 0.5% DMBA in liquid paraffin three times per week for 14 weeks. 0.25μg of rhBMP-2 were injected in the 1st, 7th and 49th days in the Test group (BMP2 group: 17 hamsters), then biopsies were extracted. Expression of P53 was immunohistochemically investigated in the cancerous tissues.Results: p53 expression was noticed in 33.11% of “BMP2 group” samples and in 23.19% of “control group” samples, a valuable statistical difference was noticed P<0.05between the two groups.Conclusion: 0.25μg of rhBMP-2 affects clearly on p53 expression within OSCC cells. BMPs should not be utilized in the presence of a developed oral cancer till more investigations clarify its fully roles and functions in this type of malignancies.

Background and aim of the study: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common form of oral cancer, showing poor prognosis and high mortality. Meanwhile, cancer metabolism is an essential contributor to its progression and response to treatment. This research aims to investigating the effect of a glucose-rich and glucose-free diet on the progress of oral squamous cell carcinoma induced in hamsters. Materials and Methods: forty Syrian Hamsters were incubated in two groups. The first one consisted of twenty hamsters, in which the carcinogenic material (DMBA) was applied in the buccal pouch of the hamster three days per week with a glucose-rich diet). The second one was composed of twenty hamsters, in which the carcinogenic material (DMBA) was applied in the buccal pouch three days per week with a glucose-free diet). Hamsters in both groups were sacrificed in groups of five hamsters at a time and at intervals (two weeks, six weeks, ten weeks, and Fourteen weeks). A histological study was performed after conventional staining with hematoxylin and eosin was done. Results: After two weeks of the experiment hyperplasia, mild dysplasia, and moderate dysplasia were recorded in hamster buccal pockets with a glucose-rich diet, and after six weeks moderate dysplasia, severe dysplasia, and carcinomas in situ were recorded, after ten weeks severe dysplasia, carcinomas in situ, and OSCC, after fourteen weeks OSCC were recorded. While with a glucose-free diet Hyperkeratosis, hyperplasia, and mild dysplasia were observed after a two-week the experiment, after six weeks, mild dysplasia, moderate dysplasia, and severe dysplasia were recorded, after ten weeks, moderate dysplasia, severe dysplasia, and carcinoma in situ, after fourteen weeks Severe dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and OSCC were reported. Conclusion: our results showed that a glucose-free diet slightly prevents oral squamous cell carcinoma, It may be a supportive treatment in addition to conventional cancer treatment.