Abstract. Raw cow milk has short supply market in summer and over supply in winter, which causes consumers and dairy industry concern about the quality of raw milk whether is adulated with reconstituted milk (powdered milk). This study prepared 307 raw cow milk samples with various adulteration ratios 0%, 2%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of powdered milk. Least square support vector machine (LS-SVM) was applied to calibrate the prediction model for adulteration ratio. Grid search approach was used to find the better value of network parameters of γ and σ 2 . Results show that R 2 ranges from 0.9662 to 0.9777 for testing data set with plate surface and four concave regions. Scatter plot of testing data showed that adulteration ratio above 10% clearly differs from 0% samples.

Raw goat milk pricing is based on the milk quality especially on fat, solid not fat (SNF) and density. Therefore, there is a need of approach for composition quantization. This study applied radial basis function network (RBFN) to calibrate fat, SNF, and density with visible and near infrared spectra (400~2500 nm). To find the optimal parameters of goal error and spread used in RBFN, a response surface method (RSM) was employed. Results showed that with the optimal parameters suggested by RSM analysis, R 2 difference for training and testing data set was the smallest which indicated the model was less possible of overtraining or undertraining. The R 2 for testing set was 0.9569, 0.8420 and 0.8743 for fat, SNF and density, respectively, when optimal parameters were used in RBFN.