China's mariculture is an indispensable part of the world's aquaculture and helps address food security issues in China and around the globe. However, this industry is facing a grand challenge from global warming. Therefore, it is urgent to assess the sensitivity of the main mariculture species and production modes to the increasing temperature. Here, we first extracted the coastal temperature data from 1465 grid cells (0.25 × 0.25 arcdegree) in the mariculture regions, and then compiled an upper thermal limit as well as culturing modes dataset of forty-two commercially important mariculture species. With these two datasets, we calculated the thermal safety margin (TSM) for each species across its aquaculture regions. Our results showed that several species with low TSMs were particularly sensitive to the current conditions and future warming, and some culturing regions face catastrophic consequences caused by high temperature and potential heatwaves. It is also noted that several mariculture modes like pond farming and mudflat ranching were more vulnerable compared to other mariculture modes. In summary, China's mariculture industry is sensitive to global warming at present and in the future. Our present study also provided tools to assess the risks in mariculture production and suggested solutions for future mitigation and adaptations.
The roles of synonymous mutations for adapting to stressful thermal environments are of fundamental biological and ecological interests but poorly understood. To study whether synonymous mutations influence thermal adaptation at specific microhabitats, a genome-wide genotype-phenotype association analysis is carried out in the black mussels Mytilisepta virgata. A synonymous mutation of Ubiquitin-specific Peptidase 15 (MvUSP15) is significantly associated with the physiological upper thermal limit. The individuals carrying GG genotype (the G-type) at the mutant locus possess significantly lower heat tolerance compared to the individuals carrying GA and AA genotypes (the A-type). When heated to sublethal temperature, the G-type exhibit higher inter-individual variations in MvUSP15 expression, especially for the mussels on the sun-exposed microhabitats. Taken together, a synonymous mutation in MvUSP15 can affect the gene expression profile and interact with microhabitat heterogeneity to influence thermal resistance. This integrative study sheds light on the ecological importance of adaptive synonymous mutations as an underappreciated genetic buffer against heat stress and emphasizes the importance of integrative studies at a microhabitat scale for evaluating and predicting the impacts of climate change.
Aim:Methodology: Results:Interpretation: Key words:The present investigation was carried out to study seasonal changes in the habitat of Acanthomysis koreana that inhabits the surf zone of Kkotji beach in the west coast of Korean peninsula together with the changes in their fecundity associated with respective sizes of individuals and (most) influential factors affecting the fecundity.Sampling was done during June 2014 -May 2015 with the help of a 50-100 cm depth of the surf zone of Kkotji beach at the time of spring tide.During November to December, 2014, a seasonal change in water temperature was observed wherein the biggest difference in water temperature marked approximately 9℃. The annual level of salinity in the subject area of investigation varied insignificantly. The number of eggs observed therein recorded the highest level in spring and the lowest level in summer. The brooded eggs were higher in spring than summer. The number of eggs in each season exhibited positive correlation with the increasing length of carapace of brooding females. However, the size of eggs in each season showed no significant differences. Fecundity of Acanthomysis koreana was found higher in spring than in autumn.
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