To break away from the trilemma among
safety, energy density, and
lifetime, we present a new perspective on battery thermal management
and safety for electric vehicles. We give a quantitative analysis
of the fundamental principles governing each and identify high-temperature
battery operation and heat-resistant materials as important directions
for future battery research and development to improve safety, reduce
degradation, and simplify thermal management systems. We find that
heat-resistant batteries are indispensable toward resistance to thermal
runaway and therefore ultimately battery safety. Concurrently, heat-resistant
batteries give rise to long calendar life when idling at ambient temperatures
and greatly simplify thermal management while working, owing to much
enlarged temperature difference driving cooling. The fundamentals
illustrated here reveal an unconventional approach to the development
of current and future battery technologies as society moves toward
ubiquitous electrified transportation.
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