In the context of global warming, although the coordinated development of tourism has led to regional economic growth, the high energy consumption-driven effects of such development have also led to environmental degradation. This research combines the undesired output of the Super-SBM model and social network analysis methods to determine the eco-efficiency of provincial tourism in China from 2010–2019 and analyzes its spatial correlation characteristics as well as its influencing factors. The aim of the project is to improve China’s regional tourism eco-efficiency and promote cross-regional tourism correlation. The results show that (1) the mean value of provincial tourism eco-efficiency in China is maintained at 0.405~0.612, with an overall fluctuating upward trend. The tourism eco-efficiency of eastern China is higher than that of central, western and northeastern China, but the latter three regions have not formed a stable spatial distribution pattern. (2) The spatial network of provincial tourism eco-efficiency in China is multithreaded, dense and diversified. Throughout the network, affiliations are becoming closer, and network structure robustness is gradually improving, although the “hierarchical” spatial network structure remains. In individual networks, Jiangsu, Guangdong and Shandong provinces in eastern China have higher centrality degrees, closeness centrality and betweenness centrality than other provinces, which means they are dominant in the network. Hainan Province, also located in eastern China, has not yet built a "bridge" for tourism factor circulation. In the core-periphery model, the core-periphery areas of China’s provincial tourism eco-efficiency are distributed in clusters, and the number of "core members" has increased. (3) The economic development level, information technology development level, and tourism technology level collectively drive the development and evolution of China’s provincial tourism eco-efficiency spatial network.
The sustainable development of scenic spots have attracted much attention in academic circles, and the influence mechanism of anthropomorphic information framework to guide tourists to enhance environmental responsibility behavior is not clear. Based on the framework theory and prospect theory, the study constructed a theoretical model of anthropomorphic information framework acting on environmental responsibility behavior. The results of three experimental studies showed that: (1) The anthropomorphic information framework could significantly improve tourists’ environmental responsibility behavior, and compared with the positive anthropomorphic information framework, the negative anthropomorphic information framework can significantly improve tourists’ environmental responsibility behavior. (2) Natural empathy played an intermediary role between anthropomorphic information framework and tourists’ environmental responsibility behavior. (3) Self-construal moderated the relationship between anthropomorphic information framework and tourists’ environmental responsibility behavior. Among the interdependent tourists, compared with the positive anthropomorphic information framework, the negative anthropomorphic information framework was more likely to produce stronger environmental responsibility behavior and natural empathy. Among independent tourists, tourists’ environmental responsibility behavior and natural empathy generated by negative anthropomorphic information and positive anthropomorphic information were not significant. Through the above findings, we hope to improve the management level of tourist attractions.
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