Abstract-To enhance the cost effectiveness of the distribution automation system (DAS), this paper proposes the immune algorithm (IA) to derive the optimal placement of switching devices by minimizing the total cost of customer service outage and investment cost of line switches. The reliability index of each service zone defined by the boundary switches is derived to solve the expected energy not served due to fault contingency, and the customer interruption cost is then determined according to the customer type and power consumption within the service zone. To demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed IA methodology to solve the optimal placement of line switches, a practical distribution system of Taiwan Power Company (Taipower) is selected for computer simulation to explore the cost benefit of line switch placement for DAS.Index Terms-Distribution automation system (DAS), immune algorithm (IA), outage management system (OMS).

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Distribution automation system agents (DASAs) are developed to enhance customer service restoration for the fault contingencies of distribution systems. A multiagent system (MAS) integrates topology processor information and the current loadings of service zones with distribution feeders and the main transformers in substations to derive the proper restoration plan after the faulted location has been identified and isolated. The heuristic rules based on the standard operation procedures of Taiwan Power Company's distribution system are included in the best first search of the MAS to ensure the restoration plan derived complies with operation regulations. When the capacity reserves of supporting feeders and main transformers are not sufficient to cover the fault restoration of the fault contingency during summer peak season, the load shedding scheme is determined by the MAS to restore service to as many key customers and loads as possible by considering the service priority of each service zone of the distribution feeders. A Taiwan Power Company (Taipower) distribution system with 35 feeders is selected for computer simulation to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology to devise a service restoration plan for the distribution fault contingency.