Integration of sympathetic and parasympathetic outflow is essential in maintaining normal cardiac autonomic function. Recent studies demonstrate that acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) is a sensitive acid sensor for cardiac ischemia and prolonged mild acidification can open ASIC3 and evoke a sustained inward current that fires action potentials in cardiac sensory neurons. However, the physiological role of ASIC3 in cardiac autonomic regulation is not known. In this study, we elucidate the role of ASIC3 in cardiac autonomic function using Asic3
−/− mice. Asic3
−/− mice showed normal baseline heart rate and lower blood pressure as compared with their wild-type littermates. Heart rate variability analyses revealed imbalanced autonomic regulation, with decreased sympathetic function. Furthermore, Asic3
−/− mice demonstrated a blunted response to isoproterenol-induced cardiac tachycardia and prolonged duration to recover to baseline heart rate. Moreover, quantitative RT-PCR analysis of gene expression in sensory ganglia and heart revealed that no gene compensation for muscarinic acetylcholines receptors and beta-adrenalin receptors were found in Asic3
−/− mice. In summary, we unraveled an important role of ASIC3 in regulating cardiac autonomic function, whereby loss of ASIC3 alters the normal physiological response to ischemic stimuli, which reveals new implications for therapy in autonomic nervous system-related cardiovascular diseases.
Considering the influence of confining pressure in the actual service environment of concrete in underground projects, the damage characteristics of fiber-reinforced concrete under the action of confining pressure are evaluated according to the variation of measured permeability values by means of a triaxial ultralow permeability damage test system. The tests were carried out according to the stress loading and unloading paths of 1⟶5⟶10⟶15⟶20⟶10⟶5⟶1 MPa for an axial pressure when the confining pressure value was 1 MPa and kept constant. Firstly, the damage permeability of the fiber-reinforced concrete specimens was verified to be significantly lower than that of the ordinary concrete under the same confining pressure. Secondly, by conducting single loading and unloading tests at different loading rates (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 3.0 MPa/s), it was confirmed that the loading rate had a significant effect on the damage cracking of the specimens, with the faster the loading rate, the more pronounced the damage characteristics. Finally, a triaxial cyclic dynamic load test with a confining pressure value of 1 MPa and an axial loading speed of 1.5 MPa/s was carried out, revealing that the damage characteristics of the test blocks changed from elastic deformation to obvious plastic deformation damage as the number of loading times increased.
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