Detection of pH value plays an important role in many fields; the precise measurement of pH value is very useful in Living systems, Chemistry and Biochemistry. The purpose of this paper is to measure pH value in solution by using Corrugated Long Period Fiber Grating (CLPFG). The CLPFG element is highly sensitive to refractive index changes, and with appropriate design geometry; a variety of target molecules can then be detected. Optical fiber Corrugated Long Period Gratings are designed to act as spectral loss elements that couple with a discrete wavelength out of the optical fiber as a function of the surrounding refractive index. By applying special coating that change refractive index with absorption of target molecules to the CLPFG surface, it became a transducer for chemical measurement. In this paper, it has shown the incorporation of Polyvinyl Alcohol and Polycyclic Acid (PVA-PAA) with Corrugated Long Period Gratings for the development of a fiber optic-based pH sensor with the detection of pH range from 3 to 6. Optical fiber-based pH sensors offer numerous advantages in wastewater monitoring, remote blood diagnostics, bioremediation, as well as chemical and food processing.
BackgroundIn the past, manufacture of prosthetic socket by using traditional handmade method not only consumed research time but also required a special assembly approach. Recently, reverse engineering and rapid prototype technology have grown up explosively, and thus, provide a choice to fabricate prosthetic socket.MethodsApplication 3D computer aided design and manufacturing (computer-aided design/computer-aided engineering) tools approach the surface shape stump data is digitized and can be easily modified and reused. Collocation investigates gait parameters of prosthetic socket, and interface stress between stump and socket with different processing conditions. Meanwhile, questionnaire was utilized to survey satisfaction rating scale, comfort level, of subjects using this kind of artificial device.ResultsThe main outcome of current research including gait parameters, stress interface and satisfaction rating scale those would be an informative reference for further studies in design and manufacture as well as clinical applications of prosthetic sockets.ConclusionsThis study found that, regardless of the method used for socket fabrication, most stress was concentrated in tibia end pressure-relief area. This caused discomfort in the area of tibia end to the participant wearing prosthesis. This discomfort was most evident in case when the prosthetic socket was fabricated using RE and RP.
The prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has increased in recent decades. So far, there have developed quite some methods for detecting DM, such as fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and random plasma glucose test. However, there is no standard technique that is followed universally for detection of glucose in urine. In this study, application potential of corrugated long period fiber grating (CLPFG) sensor technology to detect glucosuria (glucosuria is the excretion of glucose into the urine) has been investigated. The CLPFG was coated with Copper (II) hydroxide - Cu (OH)2. After that, the coated CLPFG was utilized for detecting glucosuria. It was possible to increase the refractive index sensitivity of CLPFG for detecting the presence of glucose in urine and in other solutions as well. The implication of this result lies in an understanding of the new methodology employed to detect specific materials in solutions.
Utilizing numerical simulation, this study investigated the performance of aortic valves with abnormally thickened leaflets during the systolic phase of the cardiac cycle. The method used coupled computational fluid dynamics and finite element analysis simulations to solve flexible structures interaction with surrounding fluid flow in the valves. The valve model was developed with a valve height of 10 mm, a free edge angle of 0 degrees, a leaflet thickness of 0.2 mm and a valve radius of 23.5 mm. Different cases of valve diseases were considered, including cases involving one thickened leaflet and cases involving two thickened leaflets. In these studied cases, the thickness of the diseased leaflet or leaflets was thicker than that of a normal one by 50 %, 100 % and 150 %, respectively. High shear stresses were discovered during leaflets acceleration period along with big leaflets distortions for all six diseased valve models. The diseased valve with 150 % thicker leaflets experienced a shear stress of up to 98.6 Pa that could disrupt the functions of the valve and therefore lead to severe problems of the cardiovascular system.
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