A novel mechanism that satisfied the incision point constraint of MIS was proposed. A systematic methodology for optimizing the mechanism was developed and the combined measure was effective to evaluate the performance. A prototype was set up based on the outcomes mentioned in the paper.

The experiments performed on the MicroHand A robotic system yielded expected control results. The system satisfies the requirements of minimally invasive surgery. Intuitive motion control and motion scaling control under different kinematics for the master and slave have been implemented.

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This paper reports the error specifications and error analysis for a new cooperatively controlled ENT microsurgery robot. The new robot is designed for three specific ENT surgeries, endonasal skull base surgery, transoral laryngeal surgery, and cochlear implant surgery. The design requirements for the robot resolution, accuracy, stiffness, and repeatability for these surgery types are discussed and analyzed, and the required robot parameters are calculated. The mechanical design of the robot is then analyzed and shown to fulfill these requirements in the case where it is in its home configuration. The analysis is then extended to cover the robot's whole workspace.

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The developed force-sensing system can be used in minimally invasive robotic surgery to construct a force-feedback system.

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