Optoelectronic synaptic devices, which combine the functions of photosensitivity and information processing, are essential for the development of artificial visual perception systems. Nevertheless, improving the paired pulse facilitation (PPF) index of optoelectronic synaptic devices, which is an urgent problem in the construction of high‐precision artificial visual perception systems, has received less attention so far. Herein, a light‐stimulated synaptic transistor (LSST) device with an ultra‐high PPF index (≈196%) is presented by introducing an ultra‐thin carrier regulator layer hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) into a classic graphene‐based hybrid transistor frame (graphene/CsPbBr3 quantum dots). Crucially, analysis of the rate‐limiting effect of h‐BN on photogenerated carriers reveals the mechanism behind the LSST ultra‐high PPF index. Furthermore, a two‐layer artificial neural network connected by LSST devices demonstrate ≈91.5% recognition accuracy of handwritten digits. This work provides an effective method for constructing artificial visual perception systems using a hybrid transistor frame in the future.
Infrared upconversion devices (UCDs) enable low‐cost visualization of infrared optical signals without utilizing a readout circuit, which is of great significance for biological recognition and noninvasive dynamic monitoring. However, UCDs suffer from inferior photon to photon (p–p) efficiency and high turn‐on voltage (Von) for upconversion operation, hindering a further expansion in highly resolved infrared imaging. Herein, an efficient organic UCD integrating an interfacial exciplex emitter and a well‐designed near‐infrared (NIR) detector reveals a high efficiency up to 12.92% and a low Von down to 1.56 V. The low Von gives the capacity for detecting weak NIR light down to 3.2 µW cm–2, significantly expanding the detection power scale of UCDs. Thus, the imaging linear dynamic range (I‐LDR) is highly bias‐tunable, ranging from 13.23 to 84.4 dB. The high I‐LDR enables highly resolved and strong‐penetration bioimaging especially for thick biological sections, indicating great potential in noninvasive defect and pathological detection.
Light‐Stimulated Synaptic Transistors
Optoelectronic synaptic devices with a high paired pulse facilitation index are essential for constructing high‐precision artificial visual perception systems. In article number 2113053, Jun Wang and co‐workers develop a light‐stimulated synaptic transistor with an ultra‐high PPF index (≈196%) by introducing hexagonal boron nitride into a classic graphene‐based hybrid transistor framework, which provides an effective method for constructing artificial visual perception systems in the future.
Rater-mediated performance assessment (RMPA) is a critical component of interpreter certification testing systems worldwide. Given the acknowledged rater variability in RMPA and the high-stakes nature of certification testing, it is crucial to ensure rater reliability in interpreter certification performance testing (ICPT). However, a review of current ICPT practice indicates that rigorous research on rater reliability is lacking. Against this background, the present study reports on use of multifaceted Rasch measurement (MFRM) to identify the degree of severity/leniency in different raters’ assessments of simultaneous interpretations (SIs) by 32 interpreters in an experimental setting. Nine raters specifically trained for the purpose were asked to evaluate four English-to-Chinese SIs by each of the interpreters, using three 8-point rating scales (information content, fluency, expression). The source texts differed in speed and in the speaker’s accent (native vs non-native). Rater-generated scores were then subjected to MFRM analysis, using the FACETS program. The following general trends emerged: 1) homogeneity statistics showed that not all raters were equally severe overall; and 2) bias analyses showed that a relatively large proportion of the raters had significantly biased interactions with the interpreters and the assessment criteria. Implications for practical rating arrangements in ICPT, and for rater training, are discussed.
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