OBJECTIVESThis study evaluates the effects of a prison-based addiction intervention program. The evaluation is based on a multidimensional data collection that draws a portrait of the respondents’ substance use, and of their psychological/emotional, social, and judicial spheres. It measures the changes, or lack thereof, in substance use; the psychological/emotional, social, and judicial spheres; as well as the post-treatment services used.METHODA quasi-experimental repeated measures design (0, 6 weeks, and 6 months) was used. Effects of the program were identified by comparing the results obtained by a group of inmates who had participated in the program (n = 80; experimental group) with those of another group who had received no intervention (n = 70; control group).RESULTSThe preliminary results suggested a certain treatment effect related to impulsivity and psychological distress.CONCLUSIONAlthough the preliminary results were promising, the experimental and control groups did not differ significantly when more robust analyses were used.

The use of psychoactive substances by offenders is a major preoccupation among correctional network clinicians, researchers and administrators. However, very little is known about this phenomenon during incarceration. The research presented here explores patterns of inmate drug use during imprisonment. Selected at random, 317 respondents in 10 Canadian penitentiaries were interviewed in 1999 to complete self-reported questionnaires. The data indicate various types of important changes, notably with regard to substances used, frequency of use, motivations for use, and inmates' perception of their psychological state during periods of intoxication.

When drug-using and lawbreaking women are mothers, their competence as mothers is often questioned because good mothers are not supposed to do such things. Consequently, they are often labeled as unfit mothers. This qualitative study seeks to examine the experience of motherhood in substance-using and lawbreaking mothers. Interviews with 38 substance-using women who had broken the law were conducted. Women in our study embrace two models of motherhood: one is an idealized view of motherhood as worthwhile, gratifying, and true to social expectations, and the other a model of the “deviant good mother,” which conforms more closely to their deviant lifestyle. Both of these models influence the way that these mothers perceive their substance use, their criminal behavior, and the possibility of being a good mother. The “deviant good mother” model also allowed them to build (or rebuild) a positive and fulfilling maternal identity.

Substance use disorder is a worldwide issue that entails negative health and physical activity is a promising complementary therapy for alleviating the consequences. The objective of this reviews is to characterize physical activity interventions offered in the literature and explore their effects during treatment for people with substance use disorders with excluding studies focusing only on tobacco use. A systematic search of seven databases on articles including a physical activity intervention during a treatment for substance use disorder was done and an examination of the presence of bias was performed. A total of 43 articles including 3135 participants were identified. Most studies were randomized controlled trial (81%), followed by pre-post design (14%) and cohort studies (5%). The most common physical activity intervention identified was of moderate intensity, 3 times per week (≈ 1 hour) for 13 weeks. Cessation/reduction of substance use was the most studied outcome (21 studies, 49%), and 75% showed a decrease in substance use following physical activity intervention. Aerobic capacity was the second most studied effect (14 studies, 33%), with more than 71% of studies showing improvement. Twelve studies (28%) reported a decrease of depressive symptoms. Physical activity interventions in a treatment for substance use disorder seem to be a promising, but more methodologically rigorous scientific studies are needed.

RésuméDepuis les années 2000, on estime que de 5 % à 8 % des jeunes Québécois éprouvent des difficultés importantes de consommation de substances psychoactives (SPA), ce qui pose la question cruciale des traitements de ces problèmes. Cet article propose d'abord un survol des principaux services offerts aux jeunes et des facteurs, liés ou non au traitement, pouvant expliquer les changements dans le processus de rétablissement des jeunes toxicomanes québécois. La présenta-tion de cinq études dirigées par les auteurs du présent article permet une certaine réflexion sur les services offerts aux jeunes Québécois ayant un problème de consommation de SPA. Il ressort, notamment, qu'une diminution de la consommation de SPA survient dans les six à douze mois suivant l'admission des jeunes dans l'un des traitements. Il ne s'agit généralement pas d'une abstinence complète, ce qui n'est d'ailleurs pas visé par la plupart des jeunes en traitement. Des changements dans d'autres sphères de leur vie, les occupations par exemple, sont aussi observables. Les résultats sur la santé psychologique sont plus mitigés. La satisfaction des jeunes face à ces traitements semble généralement positive. Parmi les facteurs de changements identifiés par les jeunes, on retrouve notamment l'alliance thérapeutique, le contexte de traitement en groupe, le soutien parental, la fréquentation de pairs conformistes et des activités sportives ou artistiques alternatives à la consommation. Les résultats sur les trajectoires permettent de constater que plusieurs types de trajectoire de réadaptation existent, que le succès du traitement ne prend pas nécessairement la forme d'une abstinence et surtout pas d'une abstinence définitive et que les trajectoires sont sinueuses. Mots-clés :