We propose and experimentally demonstrate a full-duplex bi-directional transmission optical wireless-over fiber integration system at W-band (75-100 GHz) with the speed up to 15 Gb/s for both 95.4 GHz link and 88.6 GHz link for the first time. The generation of millimeter-wave (mm-wave) wireless signal is based on the photonic technique by heterodyne mixing of an optical quadrature-phase-shift-keying (QPSK) signal with a free-running light at different wavelength. After 20 km fiber transmission, up to 30 Gb/s mm-wave signal is delivered over 2 m wireless link, and then converted to the optical signal for another 20 km fiber transmission. At the wireless receiver, coherent detection and advanced digital signal processing (DSP) are introduced to improve receiver sensitivity and system performance. With the OSNR of 15 dB, the bit error ratios (BERs) for 10 Gb/s signal transmission at 95.4 GHz and 88.6 GHz are below the forward-error-correction (FEC) threshold of 3.8 × 10(-3) whether post filter is used or not, while the BER for 15 Gb/s QPSK signal employing post filter in the link of 95.4 GHz is 2.9 × 10(-3).
Background and Objective. Nursing staff’s cognition and training willingness on early warning ability of inpatients is an important measure to reduce the occurrence of adverse events and severe disease. In this article, we aim to understand the cognition and training needs of nursing staff in a tertiary referral center in Changsha City, Hunan Province, on the early warning ability of inpatients with myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, cerebral infarction, and dangerous hemorrhage (referred to as “three infarcts and one hemorrhage”). Methods. A total of 787 nursing staff in a tertiary referral center in Changsha City, Hunan Province, were selected using a convenient sampling method. We used an online questionnaire designed by ourselves to survey them. The content of the questionnaire primary included basic information, related knowledge of the nursing staff on the potential risk prediction and precontrol of inpatients with “three infarcts and one hemorrhage,” relevant information on improving early warning scores, management of clinical early warning, training needs, and training methods. Results. Over 50% of the nursing staff had little understanding about the risk warning knowledge of inpatients with “three infracts and one hemorrhage,” and the degree of understanding was related to education, job title, and working years. The nursing staff with higher education level or professional title or longer working experience have a better understanding of the risk warning knowledge of inpatients with “three infracts and one hemorrhage.” Conclusion. The cognitive competence of nursing staff in a tertiary referral center in Changsha City, Hunan Province, on the early warning ability of inpatients with “three infarcts and one hemorrhage” needs to be improved. Medical institutions should actively train nursing staff on early warning ability for inpatients with “three infarcts and one hemorrhage” to improve the nursing staff’s awareness and patients’ safety and efficiency.
We propose a configuration of a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)-visible light communication (VLC) system using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation and an adaptive Nyquist windowing of the OFDM signal in the receiver. Based on this configuration, we demonstrate a 750-Mb/s WDM-VLC transmission based on RGB light-emitting diode (LED) with a distance of 70 cm. The measured bit error rate (BER) for all channels are under the pre-forward error correction limit of 3.8×10 −3. The BER performances of all the channels of the proposed WDM-VLC system show considerable improvement compared with those of the system without Nyquist windowing.
We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel scheme to realize polarization-division-multiplexing quadrature-phase-shift-keying (PDM-QPSK) signal transmission over fiber, wireless and fiber at W-band (75−110 GHz). The generation of polarization multiplexing millimeter-wave (mm-wave) wireless signal is based on the photonic technique. After 20-km fiber transmission, polarization diversity and heterodyne beating are implemented to convert the polarization components of the polarization-multiplexing signals from the optical baseband to W-band so that up to 16 Gb/s mm-wave signals can be delivered over 2-m 2×2 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless link. At the receiver base station (BS), polarization combination reconstructs the PDM-QPSK signal which is then launched into another 20-km fiber. In the experiment, coherent detection is introduced to improve receiver sensitivity and constant modulus algorithm (CMA) is applied for polarization de-multiplexing. The bit-error-ratio (BER) for 16-Gb/s PDM-QPSK signal delivery is below the forward-error-correction (FEC) threshold of 3.8×10 −3 with the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) above 11.8 dB. OCIS codes: 060.0060, 060.5625.
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